Lub Quo ntawm Kev Ua Phem thiab Kev Tswj ntawm VOCs hauv Luam Ntawv hauv Suav
Peb yog ib lub lag luam loj hauv Shenzhen Tuam Tshoj. Peb muab txhua phau ntawv nthuav tawm, cov duab thaij duab, cov duab kos duab, cov tsiaj ntawv, lub thawv ntawv, daim ntawv qhia hnub, txhua yam ntawm PVC, cov khoom ntawv, ntawv sau, Cov menyuam phau ntawv, cov ntawv nplaum, txhua yam ntawv tshwj xeeb xim xim luam ntawv, daim card cardand li.
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Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los, luam tawm kev lag luam hauv Suav teb tau tuav tseg txoj kev loj hlob. Thaum lub sijhawm "12th-Five Year Plan", qhov nruab nrab ntawm qhov kev lag luam luam tau nce 9.2%. Nrog kev loj hlob sai ntawm Tuam Tshoj luam tawm kev lag luam, luam tawm tau los ua ib qho ntawm VOC emissions loj los ntawm cov chaw.
1 Xeev Quo ntawm Vocs Pollution thiab Tswj hauv Luam Ntawv hauv Suav
1.1 Kev Tshaj Tawm Txog Kev Tshaj Tawm Vocs hauv Luam Luam hauv Suav
Kev lag luam luam muaj ntau hom kev luam ntawv (luam ntawv, luam ntawv, luam ntawv, thiab lwm yam). Muaj ntau hom luam ntawv phom sij. Raws li txoj kev luam tawm, lawv muaj peev xwm raug muab faib ua cov ntawv nyeem, luam tawm ntawv, ntawv luam ntawv, thiab ntawv luam muag. Tam sim no, Tuam Tshoj tsuas yog siv lithography thiab gravure luam ntawv, thiab qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm kev siv ntsuab tshuab luam ntawv kuj tsis tshua muaj.
Los ntawm cov kev xav ntawm luam tawm, VOCs emissions hauv thaj chaw ntawm gravure printing thiab luam hlau cov kaus poom yog qhov loj tshaj plaws: Hauv cov pob zeb ua kua, cov tshuaj hnyav hauv cov hauv paus yog cov kev sib tshuam vim cov teeb meem hauv lub cev yuav tsum tuav kom zoo thiab yuav tsum muab ntxiv rau ib feem coob. Cov organic hnyav, li ntawd, thaum lub luam ntawv qhuav, yuav muaj coob tus VOCs tawm los ntawm tus cwj mem. Cov khoom siv hlau yog tsuas yog siv hauv cov thauv me me (cov kaus poom zaub mov, cov hmoov poom kua mis, thiab lwm yam) thiab cov hau hlau (lub hau qhib yooj yim, qhib hau, thiab lwm yam khoom), thiab cov ntawv luam tawm cov ntawv luam tawm muaj 40% 60%, uas yog, li 40% nyob rau hauv khab hlau hlau. Tus hnyav yuav vau rau qhov chaw.
Yang Lijun thiab lwm tus neeg soj ntsuam cov tuam txhab luam ntawv hauv Guangdong: Tsuas yog cov tsawg lub tuam txhab luam ntawv siv thaj chaw zoo rau lub cev, thiab ntau tshaj 70% ntawm tuam txhab tsis tau tswj kev ntsuas rau cov pa roj carbon monoxide uas muaj VOCs [1]. Los ntawm kev saib xyuas, lub zis concentration ntawm VOCs nyob rau hauv lub raj cua ntawm qee lub tuam txhab kev cob qhia yog siab tshaj 200 mg / m3 [1], uas yog ib qho kev tawm ntau heev.
Los ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav ntawm 8 luam ntawv nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ua si hauv Chengdu, nws pom tau hais tias 6 ntawm lawv tsis tau txais kev pabcuam kev pov hwm thiab tswj chaw ua haujlwm, thiab tsuas yog khaws cov khoom pov tseg cov pa roj ntawm qhov kev cob qhia thiab ces tso tawm hauv lub raj xa cov yeeb nkab. Tom qab lwm qhov ob lub tuam txhab tau luam tawm cov roj pov tseg, Cov dej siv los nqes thiab tso tawm cov pa tawm tsis tuaj yeem ua kom tau raws li cov qauv ntawm kev tso tawm.
Raws li cov qauv saum toj no, luam tawm yog ib qho ntawm qhov chaw loj ntawm VOC emissions thiab yuav tsum tswj nrog qhov tseem ceeb. Txawm li cas los, tam sim no, environmental protection tiv thaiv tsis plhuav siv nyob rau hauv luam tawm kev lag luam hauv Suav teb, thiab feem ntau cov luam ntawv tuam txhab hauv Suav teb tsis tau txais kev siv cov khoom pov tseg cov khoom pov tseg cov organic organic.
1.2 Lub Sijhawm Quo ntawm VOCs Pollution Control Technology hauv Printing Kev Lag Luam hauv Suav
Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw tswj cov cuab yeej siv, tsuas yog siv los ntawm kev siv environmentally friendly ink printing txheej txheem los hloov cov pa phem ntawm kev luam ntawv, xws li siv cov cawv cwj mem kua hluav taws xob luam tawm es tsis txhob siv cov txheej txheem kev sau ntawv. Txij li thaum kawg ntawm cov yeeb nkab kho tshuab, domestically, ntau activated carbon adsorption rov qab thiab honeycomb activated carbon adsorption thiab concentration-catalytic combustion technology yog siv rau kev kho mob. Kev siv cov roj carbon dej cawv tuaj yeem muaj cawv thiab lwm cov dej-soluble organic compounds, qhov yuav tsum tau kho kom zoo dua, cov nqi kho cov nqi roj yog qhov ntau dua, uas yog ib lub hnab ntim qhov txwv kom tsis txhob muaj cov roj pov tseg.
Los ntawm kev tshawb xyuas ntawm cov xwm txheej ntawm VOCs hauv kev luam cov tuam txhab hauv Sichuan Province: Ib lub tuam txhab luam ntawv hauv Shifang, Sichuan, tau muab tso rau hauv kev lag luam hauv 2013. Nws yog tsim ua ntawv wine, cov thawv caw, caps thiab lwm yam khoom. Cov khib nyiab organic roj los ntawm cov luam ntawv luam ntawm lub khw luam ntawv thiab lub rooj sib txeeb ntau ntau thiab qhov kev sib xyaw ntawm qhov kev cob qhia ntawm qhov lidding yog raug tso tawm ntawm 15m pa kav dej tom qab raug kho los ntawm "active carbon adsorption + catalytic combustion". Raws li lub tuam txhab ib puag ncig kev tiv thaiv kev soj ntsuam cov ntaub ntawv, lub emission concentration ntawm VOCs nyob rau hauv lub tsheb tog raj kheej yog 60 mg / m3, thiab cov paug tawm yog 0.255 kg / h. Raws li lub teb chaws tseem tsis tau tsim ib cov qauv tiav emission txheem rau cov tebchaw tsis sib haum xeeb, siv ua rau cov qauv kev tswj rau cov cua kub tsis muaj zog tuaj ntawm cov lag luam hauv Tianjin (DB12 / 524-2014). Lub tuam txhab kev luam ntawv ntau tshaj VOCs emissions raws li kev xav tau ntawm kev lag luam thiab ntim kev lag luam VOCs hauv DB12 / 524-2014. Cov pa roj carbon dioxide concentration yog 100mg / m3 thiab qhov siab tshaj tawm kev tso pa tawm yog 2.5kg / h.
Ib lub tuam txhab luam ntawv hauv Chengdu, Sichuan, yog cov luam tawm thiab cov ntawv xov xwm. Lub tuam txhab txais ntawv puag hauv nabnpawb nabnpawb kev lag luam. Cov VOCs tawm ntawm qhov kev cob qhia yog khaws los ntawm cov pa roj hmab hood. Tom qab tau adsorbed los ntawm activated carbon, lawv exhausted los ntawm exhaust yeeb nkab ntawm 15m. Raws li lub tuam txhab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig kev soj ntsuam cov ntaub ntawv, lub emission concentration ntawm VOCs nyob rau hauv lub tsheb ciav hlau exhaust yog 12mg / m3. Nyob deb ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm cov qauv kev tso tawm rau VOCs.
Hauv kev xaus, kev siv cov phooj ywg environmentally inks los yog siv cov khoom tsim nyog tuaj yeem rov qab ua thiab kev ua cov tshuab luam tawm thaum lub sij hawm luam ntawv ua rau nws ua tiav VOCs kev ua tiav.
2 tswj kev ntsuas thiab cov tswv yim
2.1 Kev Txhim Kho Tiv Thaiv thiab Tswj Cov Teeb Meem Hauv Nruab Nrab Organic Hauv Cov Luam Ntawv Luam
Thaum lub Tsib Hlis Ntuj xyoo 2013, Ministry of Environmental Protection tau muab "Lub Tebchaws Sawv Cev Rau Lub Tebchaws (VOCs) Pollution Prevention and Control Technology Policy" tshaj tawm, uas tawm tswv yim rau VOCs kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv thiab tswj kev lag luam luam.
Nyob rau lub 1 hlis ntuj xyoo 2014, Sichuan Provincial Cov Tsoomfwv Tsav Tebchaws tau muab kev tshaj tawm ntawm Sichuan Xeev Cov Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Tiv Thaiv Cov Huab Tua Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Cov Nom Tswv, nrog VOCs raws li tag nrho lub hom phiaj kev tswj, thiab tawm tswv yim tias thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 2015, tsim tawm ntawm 300 tons los yog tsawg dua yuav raug tshem tawm. Tag nrho cov cim ntim khoom xoom tshwj tsis muaj VOCs collection, rov qab (purification) cov chaw, txwv kev siv tshuaj roj uas muaj roj-based based solvents [2]. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los, Guangdong, Shanghai, thiab Beijing muaj successively tawm "Cua Pollution Emission Standards rau Printing Kev Lag Luam". Txawm li cas los, Tuam Tshoj tseem tsis tau tso tawm cov qauv kev lag luam luam tawm. Nyob rau hauv lub ntsej muag ntawm kev ruaj ntseg thiab ceev kev lag luam ntawm kev lag luam luam, kev lag luam hauv teb chaws los yog hauv zos yuav tsum tsim tsa kom sai li sai tau. Organic pollutant tawm qauv.
2.2 Cov Kev Ntsuas Tiv Thaiv Kev Tiv Thaiv
1) Yuav kom daws tau qhov teeb meem ntawm cov organic tsis muaj zog nyob hauv kev lag luam luam, cov "ntsuas" ntsuas yog txo cov kev siv cov organic solvents hauv cov khoom. Yog li no, txoj cai txhawb kom kev siv ntawm cov phooj ywg environmentally certified tso cai los ntawm Tuam Tshoj tus environmental labeling cov khoom xws li dej-soluble inks, khoom phaus, thiab benzene tsis muaj zog.
2) Hauv kev luam ntawv, nws raug nquahu kom hloov cov txheej txheem hnyav-lo ntawv luam nrog cov txheej txheem luam ntawv uas yog siv tus nab npawb ntawm ib puag ncig zoo. Piv txwv, cov ntawv luam tawm uas siv cov cwj pwm uas muaj cawv cwj pwm uas tsis yog siv cov ntawv sau paj nruag coj los siv ua tau kom txo tau cov VOCs.
2.3 Tag nrho kev tswj kav thiab kev siv txhua yam
1) Txhim kho kom zoo ntawm cov roj khaws cia thiab txo cov roj av khib nyiab pov tseg: Txhawb txoj kev siv cov khoom siv khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob, thiab khaws thiab ua tiav cov dej khib nyiab generated thaum lub sij hawm luam ntawv.
2) Raws li tej yam xws li cov concentration ntawm cov organic khib nyiab nkev thiab cov khoom ntawm cov pa paug, yuav tsum tau txais cov khoom tsim nyog thiab cov khoom siv roj khib nyiab.
3) Siv cov Vocs Recycling: Nyob rau hauv kev tswj VOCs, nws yog thawj zaug tsim nyog los saib xyuas seb cov khoom siv puas tuaj yeem siv tau. Nws tau pom zoo tias cov tuam txhab luam ntawv muaj ntau qhov chaw, ua kom muaj kev sib koom ua ke thiab nkag mus rau hauv lub tiaj ua si, ua tib zoo saib xyuas qhov chaw tsim cov chaw daws teeb meem rov qab, thiab ua tib zoo xav txog cov dej cawv rov qab.
3 Xaus
Nrog txoj kev loj hlob sai ntawm Tuam Tshoj txoj kev luam ntawv, kev ua qias tuaj ntawm VOCs hauv kev lag luam luam yuav tsum raug tswj. Txawm li cas los, tam sim no, feem ntau cov tuam txhab luam ntawv hauv Suav teb tsis siv cov khoom pov tseg cov khoom pov tseg cov khoom pov tseg cov organic. Qee cov tuam txhab lag luam luam tau txais cov phooj ywg zoo los sis siv cov khoom tsim nyog tuaj yeem rov qab thiab kho cov cuab yeej kom ua raws li VOCs emission standards. Tuam Tshoj yuav tsum txhim kho kev lag luam kev lag luam hauv tshuab luam ntawv, yaum kom siv kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob los ntawm cov khoom siv hauv kev luam tawm, kev siv luam yeeb, rov qab dua. Cov khib nyiab organic uas tsis tuaj yeem siv tau rov qab los ntawm txoj kev siv roj nkev hauv tsev thiab tom qab tso tawm mus rau tus txheej txheem. Nws nquag txhawb cov kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv thiab kev tswj hauv kev lag luam luam thiab txhawb kev tsim kho kev lag luam. Kev vam meej ntawm kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig rau ntau hom kev luam ntawv thiab kev tiv thaiv kev pov thaiv thiab kev kho mob rau cov tuam txhab luam ntawv yog lub hom phiaj ntawm kev lag luam luam rau yav tom ntej.