Floating teeb kub: los ntawm cov pob txha oracle rau daim ntawv, los ntawm cov ntawv sau kom luam
Lub yim hli ntuj hnub tim 14, "Floating Light Jin - Ib Daim Ntawv Qhia Txog Lub Zeem Muag ntawm Cov Neeg Suav Cov Neeg Suav" raug tuav nyob rau hauv Sichuan Provincial Library. Lub rooj nthuav txuj yog faib ua plaub yam: "Pre-Qin thiab Han Dynasties", "Wei Jin Southern thiab Northern Dynasties thiab Sui thiab Tang Dynasties", "Song thiab Yuan Dynasties" thiab "Ming thiab Qing Dynasties". Ntau tshaj 60 tus neeg sawv cev cov khoom pov thawj tau xaiv los qhia lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm cov ntawv nyeem thiab cov kab tawm ntawm cov chav kawm ntawv. Daim ntawv luam tawm thiab kev tsim cov phau ntawv qub, cov ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm ntau lub sijhawm thiab lwm cov duab thiab cov xwm txheej, nthuav tawm keeb kwm zoo nkauj ntawm cov ntawv Suav.
"Tsuas yog Yin Xianren, nws muaj ib phau ntawv"
Ntawm qhov chaw tso tawm, qee cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov pob txha oracle los ntawm cov Yin Ruins hauv Anyang tau tshaaj tawm. Qhov no yog daim qauv ntawm cov hoob kawm.
"Tsuas yog Yin Xianren, muaj cov phau ntawv thiab cov phau ntawv." Thaum ntxov raws li nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, cov ancestors carved cov lus nyob rau hauv lub plhaub lawm thiab cov pob txha ntawm cov tsiaj qus. Nyob rau hauv Shang thiab Zhou dynasties, neeg pib siv cov lus xaus xyoob ua ib cov ntaubntawv povthawj siv, thiab nws tseem nrov tuaj rau hauv cov ntawv povthawj los ua cov noob qoob loo.
Nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab caij nplooj zeeg thiab Lub Xeev Tsib Tebchaws, lub tswv yim ntau ntawm kev xav thiab kev tshawb fawb nthuav tawm. Tag nrho cov phau ntawv ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb tau hais tias ntau cov phau ntawv yooj yooj yim tau yug, thiab cov ntawv tau raug lees ua thiab tsim tau sai heev.
Raws li Du Guiying, tus thawj coj ntawm Lub Tsev Qiv Ntawv Tshwj Xeeb Tshwj Xeeb Chav Tuam Tsev, muaj cov kab lus yooj yim xyoob ntoo thiab cov ntawv ntub ntoo hauv cov sij hawm ancient. Kev xyuam xim xyoob yog qhov tsim nyog, qhov ntev ntawm qhov tsab xov xwm tuaj yeem yog qhov muab nthuav tawm, thiab cov phaj yog siv ib leeg. "Cov cuab yeej sau ntawv yooj yooj yim, cwj mem thiab cwj mem, thiab riam carving, yog cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov phau ntawv nyob rau hauv lub caij nyoog ntev keeb kwm.Thiab phau ntawv kab lus ntawm cov neeg tom qab tau ua ib tus neeg muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tib lub sij hawm. qhov simplification, tus dauntsaws nyob rau hauv cov ntaub lo lo ntxhuav pib siv los ua ib qho khoom sau ntawv.
Nrog cov txuam nrog kev paub thiab kev txawj ntse, Western Han Dynasty tau tsim lub tswv yim papermaking. Nyob rau hauv Eastern Han Dynasty, Cai Lun siv daim tawv ntoo, hemp, ntaub qhwv, thiab lwm yam., Los ntawm kev ua haujlwm xws li kev ntxhov siab, smashing, kev luam thiab ci ua kom tsob nroj ntawv fiber ntau. Tus nqi papermaking tau raug txo, thiab cov ntawv sau tau nrov.
Cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm no tuaj yeem pom hauv "Han Han Shu". "Cai Lun txhim kho papermaking thiab cuam tshuam rau cov keeb kwm kev hloov ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sau lus suav." Du Guiying said.
Leap los ntawm phau ntawv luam kom luam ntawv
Txoj kev sau ntawv tseem tau paub txog cov lej ntawm phau ntawv sau txog kev nyeem ntawv.
Cov phau ntawv ntawm Wei, Jin thiab yav qab teb thiab Northern Dynasties tau tag nrho cov qauv ntawm tes. Thaum lub sij hawm Sui, Tang thiab Tsib Dynasties, tsoom fwv kuj tsim muaj coob tus kws sau ntawv sau, tshwj xeeb hauv kev luam.
Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tib neeg, neeg lub thov rau phau ntawv tsim tau ntau zog, thiab engraving thiab luam tawm tau sawv nyob rau hauv lub Tang Dynasty.
"Cov ntawv cog lus yog siv rau ntawm lub rooj tsav khoom ntoo ntawm ib lub qhov muag, thiab cov ntawv sau tau siv los ua ib qho riam phom kom tsis txhob sau ntawv, uas ua rau daim ntawv ntim embossed. Siv cov ntaub ntawv sau rau hauv daim ntawv no, thiab npog daim ntawv nrog nws, thiab maj mam so daim ntawv xa rov qab ntawm daim ntawv. "Du Guiying hais tias kev yug menyuam tau luam tawm keeb kwm ntawm Suav cov phau ntawv mus rau hauv ib lub tshiab theem.
Ntawm qhov chaw tso tawm, tsis tsuas yog cov kos duab kos cwj pwm uas tau muab tso rau hauv, tab sis kuj yog qhov kev sau paj nruag luam tawm. "Nyob rau hauv lub Song Dynasty, daim ntawv sau paj nruag thiab luam tawm tau siv dav. Lub sij hawm ntawd, kev nyuaj siab yog ib qho ntawm peb qho chaw loj loj hauv lub teb chaws, tawm ntau cov ntawv sau nqi." Du Guiying hais.
Tom qab ntawd, Bi Sheng tau tsim cov hom kev lag luam, uas ntxiv kev ua haujlwm ntawm phau ntawv luam tawm. Lub sijhawm no, phau ntawv luam tawm hauv Qing Guangxu lub sijhawm, uas tau luam tawm hauv Qing dynasty, kaw cov npe ntawm cov kev xeem imperial thiab cov taxis.
Niaj hnub siv tshuab los pab khaws cia cov ntawv kawm
Lub tso rau hauv tib lub sij hawm kuj tseem muaj cov dab neeg tseem ceeb thiab cov cim ntawm ntau lub sijhawm. Lub tswv yim ntawm cov phau ntawv sau tseg kuj tau hloov zuj zus los ntawm kev yooj yim rau txoj, los ntawm qis rau siab. Yam koj pom tau tam sim no yog lub pob rov, npauj npaim, xaim, thiab folding.
Qhov tseeb, txawm tias nws yog qhwv cov ntawv, los sis cov kua nplaum lossis ntawv, nws yog qhov yooj yim heev thiab nws tsis yooj yim rau kev tuag. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo dhau los, lub xeev cov tsev qiv ntawv tau nce cov kev sau thiab kev tiv thaiv cov phau ntawv qub, thiab niaj hnub yees xws li tej yam me me ua luam tau ua cov ntawv nyeem zoo no zoo dua. Qhov kev nthuav qhia tshwj xeeb tshaaj ntawm "Yongle Dadian" ntawm National Library ntawm Tuam Tshoj nyob rau hauv raws li daim tseem ntawv phau ntawv kev cai, daim ntawv pov tseg, thiab simulation photocopying. Cov kab ke ntawm Lub Tsev Qiv Ntawv tso cai rau ntau tus neeg kom paub txog qhov kev zoo nkauj thiab lub txiaj ntsim ntawm immortal ntawm qhov kev coj ntsej muag zoo rau lub ntsej muag.