Qhov txawv ntawm RGB thiab CMYK nyob rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv xim
Peb yog ib lub tuam txhab luam ntawv loj hauv Shenzhen Tuam Tshoj. Peb muaj cov phau ntawv luam tawm, phau ntawv xov xwm luam ntawv, phau ntawv luam ntawv, phau ntawv nyuaj, phau ntawv luam tawm, phau ntawv luam tawm, phau ntawv luam tawm, lub thawv ntim, daim qhia ntawv, txhua yam ntawm PVC, cov ntawv luam tawm, ntawv sau cia, hom tshwj xeeb ntawv xim luam tawm khoom, kev ua si cardand li ntawd.
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Cov kev kho tshiab hauv kev tswj xim, cov duab thaij duab, thiab cov xim tha xim muaj cov neeg khiav dej num tshiab thiab cov laus luam tawm kom ua tib zoo xav txog thaum twg xim thiab thaum twg xim. Cov neeg siv tshuab scanner siv cov kev cai los tsim cov duab scanned daj, magenta, cyan, thiab dub, tiam sis hnub no cov cuab yeej tshiab ua rau kev txais yuav tshiab ntawm cov haujlwm tshiab-uas yog, luam ua ntej xim sib cais hauv CMYK. Tsev kawm ntawv xim. Tsab xov xwm no piav qhia txog qhov zoo ntawm txoj kev qhia no thiab qee cov lus qhia txog kev luam, kev kho xim, thiab kev sib cais xim.
Ob qho tib si kev thaij thiab digital photography ntes cov ntaub ntawv liab, xim ntsuab, thiab xiav txog cov duab, tab sis ntau txoj kev ntawm kev ntes duab tsim cov nqi sib txawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyob ntawm lawv qhov me ntsis qhov tob.
Txawm hais tias feem ntau cov kev luam ntawv siv 1-byte (8-ntsis) cov ntaub ntawv hauv txhua cov xim channel, nws tau ua ntau hom rau cov duab thiab digital koob yees duab siv ntau tshaj 8 khoom ntawm bytes los piav txog txhua qib xim. Cov khoom ntxiv no yog siv los ntes cov nqi ntawm cov tones tsaus nti ntawm tus neeg pixels, ua rau cov lus piav qhia tsis paub meej (feem ntau gray tones) ntawm ntau cov xim thiab cov xim siab tshaj plaws hauv txhua lub. Tus nab npawb ntawm cov khoom siv hauv ib lub dab yog qhov peb hu lub qhov tob ntawm qhov duab.
Piv txwv, nyob rau hauv hom RGB nrog 8-ntsis qhov tob ib channel, lub duab los yog cov yees duab siv tag nrho ntawm 24 khoom tuaj piav qhia cov xim ntawm txhua tus pixel, uas yog hu ua 24-ntsis xim, vim 8 teev ib zaug, 3 Cov channel (xim liab, xim ntsuab, xiav) yog tag nrho 24 khoom rau ib qho chaw pixel. Lwm yam kev teeb tsa rau kev tuav cov ntaub ntawv RGB muaj xws li:
10 bits ib channel (los yog 30-ntsis xim, vim tias muaj 3 raws hauv tag nrho los ntawm 10 khoom);
12 cov khoom rau ib cov channel (36-ntsis xim);
16 cov khoom rau ib qho (48-ntsis xim).
Cov khoom ntxiv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thaum cov duab loj dua tom qab luam xa los yog capturing yog qhov tseem ceeb heev vim tias qhov ntxiv qhov me ntsis yog tsim rau qhov zoo dua ntais.
Sib cais xim
Qhov sib txawv ntawm kev sib cais xim hais txog tus txheej txheem uas RGB duab cov ntaub ntawv raug muab hloov mus rau tus nqi cyan, magenta, daj, thiab dub (CMYK) qhov tseem ceeb tshaj. Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev luam cov txheej txheem luam yeeb vim tias feem ntau cov khoom siv luam ntawv siv cyan, magenta, xim daj rho tawm xim dub thiab dub (nws tsis yog xim yooj yim). Dub yog siv los txhawb rau qhov tsis txaus nyiam cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm (piv txwv li, toner). Siv cov xim dub nthuav cov tonal ntau ntawm cov luam, ua rau ntxaum ntxaug, ntxoov ntxoo ntxoov tsaus ntuj.
Kev cais tawm yog nyob ntawm seb CMYK yuav tsum tau npaum li cas xam cov RGB scan. Piv txwv li, qhov no yog ua tiav los ntawm kev npaj ib lub computer onboard nrog rau lub nruas scanner. Xyoo, cov "scanners" cov "high-end" scanners tau txais RGB cov ntaub ntawv thaum luam theej duab thiab hloov mus rau CMYK cov ntaub ntawv hauv "khiav lub xeev" (ib txhij soj cov duab). Nyob rau hnub no lub ntiaj teb luam, txoj kev sib txawv ntawm txoj kev sib txawv no yog hloov sai los ntawm kev ua haujlwm uas siv cov ntaub ntawv RGB thiab khaws cia ua RGB ntawm disk. Kev sib cais thiab kev hloov dua siab tshiab rau CMYK yog siv tom qab siv software lossis software program uas txuas tau rau lub koob yees duab digital.
Txawm li cas los xij, ob qho tib si kev sib cais xim tsis tshua muaj kev txwv cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv ntawm cov khoom sib txawv rau ntau yam sib txawv vim cov xim sib cais yog ua rau ib daim ntawv sau luam. Ib daim ntawv uas tau theej thiab luam theej rau cov xovxwm lithographic yuav tsis zoo ib yam thaum nws tawm mus rau lub tshuab luam yeeb xim, txawm tias ob leeg yog CMYK cov khoom siv tawm.
CMYK kev sib cais yog hais txog ib yam khoom siv rau ib qho laj thawj rau ntau yam: Ua ntej, txhua lub tshuab muaj nws qhov kev sib npaug ntawm cov xim grey thiab cov laus uas tsis yog lub luag haujlwm (xws li cov khoom poob ntawm cov khoom). Tsis tas li ntawd, tus neeg teb xov tooj uas teev cov kev sib cais ntawm kev sib cais tuaj yeem hloov tus nqi dub thaum lub sij hawm hloov ntawm RGB mus rau CMYK.
Cov ntaub ntawv dub version
Raws li tau hais dhau los, cov nyiaj dub yuav tsum tsim kom muaj cov kwv yees li ntawm tonal nyob ntawm feem ntau ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub teeb ntawm lub luam ntawv siv. Tus neeg siv kev xaiv ntawm substrate tseem yog ib feem ntawm qhov zoo li no. Txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg ua haujlwm tshuab luam ntawv kuj tuaj yeem hloov qhov thickness ntawm tus number case txheej lawv xaiv. Lub plhaub taum plawv npuab, qhov ntau dua qhov ntom nti, uas feem ntau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ntau tshaj plaws ntawm cov duab. Ua kom cov thickness ntawm tus number case txheej ua rau kom tsis txhob muaj qhov seem ntawm tus lej seem. Qee cov tshuab luam ntawv thiaj li nyiam qhov sib cais ntawm cov thawv khov lub thev plaub kom tau zoo raws li kev luam tawm thoob plaws hauv kev luam ntawv.
Tag nrho cov nyhuv ntawm cov xim sib cais yog cov duab uas tau npaj rau cov lej plawg txheej luam tawm yuav tsum tau txo cov xim dub nyob hauv qhov chaw tsaus, raws li tsaus nti ntawm lub tones tsaus yuav raug tsim los ntawm luam tawm ntau feem pua ntawm cov cyan, magenta, thiab daj. Txoj kev sib cais xim rau kev txiav txim siab txog cov ntaub ntawv dub nyob hauv cov xim sib cais muaj xws li UCR (Tom qab tshem tawm) thiab GCR (Grey Component Substitution).
Ua kom muaj nuj nqis tonal
Qhov sib txawv ntawm CMYK cov duab tau npaj tseg rau ntau lub tshuab luam ntawv ntau zog tau nce siab ntawm kev nce nqi hauv cov nqi suab (qhov nce ntxiv). Ob tus neeg scanner thiab tus neeg teb xov tooj nias nkag siab tias cov ntawv sau dauv sau rau hauv substrate tsim ib daim duab uas muaj ntau zuj zus dua li cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb - cov nyhuv hu ua "dot nce."
Ntxiv rau tej yam xws li ntawv ntiv nplhaib thiab xuas tes tuav, txhua lub tshuab luam ntawv kuj plays lub luag haujlwm hauv qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm qhov khoom ntawm daim duab. Compensating cov teev poob thaum txoj kev sib cais xim txhais tau hais tias qhov tsaus ntuj uas tshwm sim thaum luam ntawv yuav offset, ua duab zoo dua thaum hloov mus rau CMYK.
Tsiv ib daim duab los ntawm ib lub xeev luam tawm mus rau lwm tus tsis muaj nyiaj them rau cov kev nce hauv qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov tonal yuav ua rau cov duab tsaus nti los yog qaim, uas yuav ua rau muaj xim hloov vim qhov txho tshauv ntawm highlights, midtones, thiab tsaus tones nce loj ua yeeb yam txawv.
Siv cov ntaub ntawv RGB thiab CMYK siv
Tsawg ob peb lub koom haum tiv thaiv niaj hnub no paub txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm RGB duab cov ntaub ntawv. Cov kws kho tshwj xeeb no pom tau hais tias kev xa duab thiab digital photography yuav tsum tau txais kev cawmdim rau hauv RGB hom thoob plaws kev kho xim thiab kho dua, thiab hloov mus rau CMYK tom qab tag nrho cov kev kho tau lawm. Nws yog precisely vim yog cov ntaub ntawv RGB uas tau raug kho thiab kho tias chav ua haujlwm kev kho mob tuaj yeem kaw cia ntev. Qhov no pub rau cov dluab siv los ntawm lub cim archive los siv rau ntawm ib lub tshuab luam ntawv (lossis lwm hom kev sib txuas) uas txawv ntawm cov khoom tso tawm thawj. Qhov no tseem ceeb ntawm RGB duab cov ntaub ntawv tau muaj qhov zoo rau ntau cov kev ua haujlwm publishing, seb txoj kev sib cais ntawm xim yog qhov system qib xim tswj los yog ib qho duab batch conversion method hauv Photoshop siv cov khoom ua ntej.
Qhov tseem ceeb, qhov teebmeem ntawm kev luam cov duab qub rau ntau hom xov tooj, cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj, lossis lub computer ntsuas yuav tsum yog tib yam nkaus. Qhov no yog ua tau thaum ua xim cais sib cais rau txhua lub tshuab. Vim tias txhua tus qauv luam yuav tsum tau sib txawv me ntsis ntawm cyan, magenta, daj, thiab dub los ua ib qho zoo sib xws, cais cov xim sib txawv ua tus duab zoo ib yam ntawm cov khoom siv sib txawv.
Txoj kev soj ntsuam (thiab ntsuas) qhov sib txawv ntawm cov xim li cas los ntawm cov cuab yeej no yog ntsuas cov cyan, magenta, thiab daj yuav tsum ua kom tsis txhob nchuav hlav - ib qhov sib npaug ntawm gray peb hu ua ib qho replication system.
Yog hais tias cov duab tau raug kho los yog kho tom qab hloov mus rau CMYK, mam li rov qab cov duab kawg ntawm ib qho kev sib txawv ntawm cov khoom yuav tsum kho cov highlights, midtones, thiab ntxoov ntxoo ntawm CMYK duab thiab hloov zuag qhia tag nrho gray tshauv thiab xim saturation. Tus nqi dub nyob hauv daim duab yog qhov yooj yim hloov tsis tau compromising cov duab zoo, tab sis yog hais tias cov ntaub ntawv dub tsis kho, luam daim duab yuav tsim cov kev xav tsis zoo.
Piv txwv, CMYK cov duab uas yog keeb xeeb xim-sib cais rau cov qib high-quality hauv daim ntawv xa-fed presses tuaj yeem ua rau smudging yog luam tawm ntawm lub xov tooj cua txias. Qhov kev sib cav yog kho cov CMYK duab siv hauv cov nplooj ntawv web lossis CD-ROM luam tawm. RGB dluab siv tau ntau dua RGB tonal khwv kom me nyuam zog, xim ntau dua. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab daim duab xim sib cais hauv CMYK, tag nrho cov pixels hauv daim duab yog nyob rau hauv CMYK tonal ntau.
Tus qauv hauv kev lag luam luam kom tag nrho RGB cov dluab tau ntsib qee yam kev tawm tsam ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm scanner thiab cov kws kho mob sib txawv tshwj xeeb. Cov kws tshaj lij no tau kawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib cais xim thaum siv ib lub tsho uas tau muab tso nrog lub scanner thiab cov duab ntawm RGB duab tau tsuas yog tsav lub teeb ntawm cov zis ntawm cov zis. Tab sis lawv tsis hnov txog RGB duab cov ntaub ntawv rau cov ntawv ceeb toom kom txog rau thaum tus neeg pib scan rau ntawm lawv cov lag luam pheej yig hauv CCD scanner. Rau cov koom haum nrog cov yeeb yam high-end xim, RGB cov duab pib ntawm lub cim qhia cov kev hem thawj ntawm cov duab scanners. Yog li ntawd, cov kws kho cov ua haujlwm tau txuas rau RGB xim kho kom tsawg dua cov duab thaij duab.
Yuav luag kaum xyoo dhau los, Linotype-Hell (tam sim no Heidelberg Prepress) tau luam tawm nws thawj LinoColor. Qhov kev pab cuam software txhawb cov xim kho ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ua ntej cov duab cov ntaub ntawv hloov dua siab tshiab rau CMYK.
CIE LAB hom
Lino Xim kuj qhia txog cov neeg ua haujlwm tshaj tawm rau cov CIE LAB xim nqaij daim tawv - tsis yog RGB los yog CMYK. Lub Lino Colour workflow tsim los ntawm Commission International edel'Eclairage captures RGB duab cov ntaub ntawv, ua xim xim kho thiab kho nyob rau hauv CIE LAB hom, thiab ces decomposes cov ntaub ntawv hauv CMYK hom.
ICC tau txais xim tswj haujlwm, ua haujlwm los ntawm Apple Computer ColorSync software, cwj pwm nws cov hauv paus hniav mus rau LinoColor lub RGB-CIELAB-CMYK hauj lwm. Apple lub cuab yeej software rau kev hloov xim (theColorSync xim qauv qauv) yog kev tso cai los ntawm LinoColor. Qhov zoo dua ntawm CIELAB qhov chaw xim yog tias daim duab yuav raug hloov mus rau CIELAB hom thiab rov qab mus rau RGB yam tsis muaj kev hloov hauv cov duab zoo - txawm tias nws tseem yog teeb meem li kev nkag siab zoo li cov tswv yim los yog output CIELAB hloov cov duab . CIELAB muaj tag nrho cov xim pom rau ntawm lub qhov muag liab qab, yog li ntawm Hawj txawm, kev nplhaib thiab ci ntsa iab raug kho kom hloov tau cov duab rau txhua qhov ntawm cov tonal los yog daim system.
CIELAB muab qhov chaw zauv rau txhua cov xim uas pom tau rau qhov muag ntawm qhov muag raws li peb lub cim (L, A, thiab B). Tus nqi L yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov xim ntawm lub teeb rau tsaus nti. Cov qhab nias A thiab B tsuas yog qhov chaw ua raws latitude (A) thiab cov nqaj hlau nyaj ntsug (B), kos los ntawm thaj chaw xim, thiab tsis muaj kev txaus siab nyob nruab nrab ntawm qhov chaw xim xim. Xim saturation (tseem hu ua chromaticity) tsub kom raws li qhov kev qhia taw tes tsiv tawm ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub voj voog. Hawj hai tau txiav txim siab tau txiav txim siab los ntawm kev tsiv ib ncig ntawm thaj chaw.
Txawm li cas los xij, yuav kom siv cov xim kho, xim, thiab ci ntsa iab (HSL) xim kho kev, nws tsis yog los hloov cov duab rau CIELAB. Kev txhim kho duab duab (nrog rau cov yeeb yam Adobe Photoshop thiab LinoColor) pab RGB hom dluab kom raug tsa los ntawm kho HSL qhov tseem ceeb, suav nrog HSL qhov tseem ceeb raws li tag nrho los yog ib lub hauv paus los yog xim txawv. Taag CMYK siv cov neeg siv Photoshop tuaj yeem nrhiav countermeasures los ntawm cov lus palette thiab Tus Saib Miv: tso saib CMYK hom nqi ntawm daim duab nyob ntawm lub sijhawm ua ntej cov duab sib cais. Lub palette tau muab kho kom pom cov nqi tseeb uas tau txais los ntawm RGB cov ntaub ntawv sib cais. Zoo sib xws, CMYKPreview yuav xaiv tau los ntawm Tus Saib Tus Kheej kom cais cov duab qhia siv tsav tsheb. Siv cov cuab yeej ob no, cov neeg ua hauj lwm high-end scanner cov neeg yuav xav txog xim kho nyob rau hauv RGB hom thiab tuaj yeem soj ntsuam cov ntsiab lus ntawm CMYK qhov tseem ceeb.
Xim kho lus
Yog vim li cas lub tswv yim yooj yooj yim: yog tias muaj xim muaj peev xwm nyob rau ntawm RGB duab, qhov yuav tsum tau hloov yog yooj yim thiab hloov tag nrho cov duab tonal ntawm cov duab. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj tos kom txog thaum cov duab sib txawv xim thiab qhov kev kho cov xim zoo tib yam tau ua tiav, cov nyhuv ntawm cov xim cam yog faib cov xim plaub. Feem ntau, tsuas yog xim cov xim ntawm ob xim nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab xim ntxiv (xws li xim cyan uas ua los ntawm ntau ntau ntsuab thiab xiav) tam sim no muab faib tag nrho plaub xim ntawm CMYK duab. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim uas siv Photoshop xim kab tshuam xim kom tshem tau kabmob ntawm RGB dluab. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm nkag mus rau qhov tseem ceeb tsim nyog rau kev hloov lub ntsiab, midtone, thiab shadow qhov tseem ceeb, tag nrho cov grey teev ua rau nruab nrab. Yog tias ib qho kev sim ua kom ua tib yam cyan kho nyob rau hauv cov duab tom qab CMYK hloov dua tshiab, cov xim cyan ntxiv yuav nyob hauv cov nplai grey.
Tswj kev loj me me rau highlights thiab ntxoov ntxoo
Ib qho tseem ceeb kom zoo ntawm RGB xim kho yog tias tus neeg siv yuav tswj tau qhov loj ntawm cov highlights thiab ntxoov ntxoo. Thaum twg cov duab kho xim, qhov kev hloov ntawm qhov kev xav tau ua kom tshem tawm cov hawj uas txuas mus rau qhov chaw qis tshaj plaws thiab darkest ntawm daim duab. Them nyiaj tshwj xeeb kom hloov, txwv tsis pub lub kho lus xim yuav tshem tawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov duab los teeb teeb meem ntawm cov xim tsis txaus siab mus rau hauv qhov tsaus ntuj nti. Qee cov kev kho cov tonal siv dav vim tias lawv tsim nyog tswj cov coob tus highlights thiab ntxoov ntxoo (xws li Photoshop Curves ua haujlwm).
Txawm hais tias muaj xim hloov txoj kev siv los, xaiv qhov taw qhia kom meej los yog duab ntxoov ntxoo nyob ntawm lub tshuab uas siv los-nws yuav tsum muaj cov dots no kom zoo rau kev xav txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov xovxwm, cov ntawv pov thawj, lossis lub computer saib siv hauv cov qhov tso tawm. .
Hnub no lub suab qib-theem kev tswj xim ua kom yooj yim kom tau cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no: ib qho yog kom tau txais qhov tsawg kawg nkaus thiab tsawg tshaj plaws ntawm cov duab; lwm tus yog los tsim lub CMYK duab uas yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov twj tso zis. ColorSync neeg ua hauj lwm workflow yog qhov yooj yim: tsim ib cov ntaub ntawv pub rau txhua tus tawm lus tso tawm thiab muab cov xim RGB duab ua cov tswv yim. Txhua daim duab RGB yuav tsum muaj qhov tsawg kawg nkaus thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws (piv txwv tias, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm RGB). Lub ColorSync software ces xim-cais cov duab thaum tsim cov kev kho kom haum xim, nrog rau qhov tsim nyog cov ntsiab lus thiab cov duab ntxoov ntxoo ntsiab lus, qhov cuab yeej sib tw gray, thiab cov qauv dub.
Qhov yooj yim ntawm qhov teeb meem no tau piav qhia yog muab piv rau kev ua haujlwm rau kev txiav txim siab txog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm points ntawm CMYK duab thaum lub sij hawm kho kom raug xim, thiab tom qab ntawd ces cov duab tshwj xeeb yog tsim tawm. Yog hais tias daim duab no mas nws yeej luam tawm ntawm lub xov tooj cua txias thiab cov txheej txheem no siv, ces yog tias on-line qhuav sheetfed xovxwm rov npaj, daim duab yuav tsis mus txog qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Kho cov duab thiab ntxoov ntxoo ntawm daim duab los npog cov kev ua kom muaj ntau tonal tsis nce tus naj npawb ntawm cov grey ntau npaum li cas los ntawm daim duab xwb. Qhov tseeb, thaum CMYK cov duab siv rau cov xa hluav taws xob (cov nplooj ntawv web, CD-ROMs, FDF cov ntaub ntawv), qhov teeb meem no yog tshuam vim qhov ntau ntawm cov xim tau los ntawm RGB saib xyuas zoo tshaj qhov cov tonal ntawm peb cov xim thawj.
Tone range adjustment
Qhov kev sib cav qub yog siv rau kev them nyiaj ntawm qhov kev nce qib (thaum sib txuam ntawm cov khoom siv thiab kho qhov muag uas tsaus ntuj nti daim duab thaum luam tawm). Daim duab thaij rau ntawm daim ntawv tsis muaj ntawv lossis ntawv dawb yuav tsum sib zog, thiab siv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm daim ntawv cog lus yuav tsum muaj daim duab kom muaj kev tsaus ntuj zoo li qub. Hmoov tsis, ua rau cov duab zoo dua compresses cov tonal ntau. Ntxiv ib qho kev hnyav hnyav rau ib qho duab los sis digital (ua duab tsaus nti) tsis tsuas yog rov ua qhov qub nqis nruab nrab cov ntawv teev npe tiam sis tseem ua rau tsis yooj yim.
Nyob rau hauv xaus
Puas yog koj tsis siv cov qauv duab thiab kev ua haujlwm nrog cov qauv duab system? Tsis yog, tsis raws nraim. Ib yam li ntawd, muaj qee cov tub txawg uas hloov cov dluab rau CMYK ua ntej ua xim kho lus thiab txuag tau cov ntsiab lus.
Ntau thiab ntau xim cais sib cais pom lub ntsiab zoo ntawm RGB - yooj. Los ntawm cov xim ntsuas thiab txuag RGB duab cov ntaub ntawv, cov neeg siv tau tsim ntau CMYK cov duab nrog lawv tus kheej kheej gray yam ntxwv, tshwj xeeb dub version thiab cov ntawv qhia tonal (suav nrog qhov tseem ceeb thiab tsaus tones thiab teev nyiaj tau los). RGB dluab tau txais kev cawmdim los ntawm cov archive kuj tseem siv tau rau cov xov xwm tshiab, nrog rau kev saib xyuas raws cov txheej txheem.