Tsev kawm ntawv xim: qhov txawv ntawm RGB thiab CMYK

Tsev kawm ntawv xim: qhov txawv ntawm RGB thiab CMYK

Peb yog ib lub lag luam loj hauv Shenzhen Tuam Tshoj. Peb muaj cov phau ntawv luam tawm, phau ntawv nyuaj, phau ntawv luam ntawv, phau ntawv nyuaj, phau ntawv luam tawm, phau ntawv luam tawm, phau ntawv luam tawm, lub thawv ntim, daim qhia ntawv, txhua yam ntawm PVC, cov ntawv luam tawm, ntawv sau cia, hom tshwj xeeb ntawv xim luam tawm khoom, kev ua si cardand li ntawd.

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Cov kev kho tshiab hauv kev tswj xim, cov duab digital, thiab cov xim tha xim muaj cov neeg ua hauj lwm tshiab thiab cov laus cov neeg lag luam kom ua tib zoo xav txog thaum twg xim thiab thaum twg xim. Cov neeg siv cov tshuab scanner siv cov kev cai los tsim cov duab scanned daj, magenta, cyan, thiab dub, tiam sis hnub no cov cuab yeej tshiab ua rau kev txais yuav tshiab ntawm cov haujlwm tshiab-uas yog, luam ua ntej xim sib cais hauv CMYK. Tsev kawm ntawv xim. Tsab xov xwm no piav qhia txog qhov zoo ntawm txoj kev qhia no thiab qee cov lus qhia txog kev xaav, xim kho, thiab kev sib cais xim.

Ob qho tib si kev thaij thiab digital photography ntes ntaub ntawv xim liab, ntsuab, thiab xiav txog cov duab, tab sis ntau txoj kev ntawm kev ntes duab tsim cov nqi sib txawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyob ntawm lawv qhov me ntsis qhov tob.

Txawm tias feem ntau cov kev siv luam yeeb siv 1-byte (8-ntsis) cov ntaub ntawv hauv txhua cov xim channel, nws tau ua ntau dua rau cov tshuab luam yeeb thiab cov koob yees duab siv ntau tshaj 8 khoom ntawm bytes los piav qhia txog txhua qib xim. Cov khoom ntxiv no yog siv los ntes cov nqi ntawm cov tones tsaus nti ntawm tus neeg pixels, ua rau cov lus qhia tsis paub meej (feem ntau gray tones) ntawm ntau cov xim thiab cov xim siab tshaj plaws hauv txhua lub. Tus nab npawb ntawm cov khoom siv hauv ib lub dab yog qhov peb hu lub qhov tob ntawm cov duab.

Piv txwv, hauv RGB hom nrog 8-ntsis qhov tob ib channel, luam duab los yog digital yees siv tag nrho ntawm 24 cov khoom siv los piav cov xim ntawm txhua tus pixel, hu ua 24-ntsis xim, vim 8 khoom ib channel, 3 Lub channel (xim liab, xim ntsuab, xiav) muaj tag nrho cov khoom 24 pits ib qho khoom pixel. Lwm yam kev teebmeem rau kev ntes RGB cov ntaub ntawv muaj xws li:

10 bits ib channel (los yog 30-ntsis xim, vim hais tias muaj 3 raws hauv tag nrho los ntawm 10 khoom);

12 cov khoom rau ib cov channel (36-ntsis xim);

16 cov khoom rau ib qho (48-ntsis xim).

Cov khoom ntxiv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thaum cov duab loj dua tom qab luam xa lossis ntes yog qhov tseem ceeb heev vim tias qhov tob qhov me ntsis ntxiv rau kev sib nkag siab zoo.

Sib cais xim

Qhov sib cais sib txawv xim hais txog tus txheej txheem uas RGB duab cov ntaub ntawv raug muab hloov mus rau qhov nqi cyan, magenta, daj, thiab dub (CMYK) qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev luam cov txheej txheem luam yeeb vim tias feem ntau cov khoom siv luam ntawv siv cyan, magenta, xim daj rho tawm xim dub thiab dub (nws tsis yog xim yooj yim). Dub yog siv los xwv kom tsis txhob muaj lub nqus dej ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm (piv txwv li, toner). Kev siv ntawm dub nthuav cov tonal ntau ntawm cov luam, uas ua rau tob, thiab ntxoov ntxoo ntxoov tsaus ntuj.

Kev sib cais nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg CMYKs yuav tsum tau nyob ze rau ntawm RGB scan. Kev lig kev cai, qhov no yog ua tiav los ntawm kev npaj ib lub computer onboard nrog rau lub nruas scanner. Xyoo, cov "scanners" ntau ntau tau txais RGB cov ntaub ntawv thaum luam theej duab thiab hloov mus rau CMYK cov ntaub ntawv hauv "khiav lub xeev" (ib txhij soj cov duab). Nyob rau hnub no lub ntiaj teb luam, txoj kev sib txawv ntawm cov xim no yog hloov los ntawm kev ua haujlwm uas khaws cov ntaub ntawv RGB thiab khaws cia ua RGB ntawm disk. Sib cais thiab kev hloov dua siab tshiab rau CMYK yog siv tom qab siv software lossis software program uas txuas tau rau lub koob yees duab digital.

Txawm li cas los xij, ob qho tib si kev sib cais xim tsis tshua muaj kev txwv cov ntawv sib txawv ntawm cov khoom sib cais sib txawv rau ntau hom sib txawv vim cov xim sib cais ua rau ib hom ntawv luam tawm. Ib daim qauv ntawm cov ntawv luam theej thiab luam theej rau ib phau ntawv xovxwm tsis zoo ib yam thaum nws tawm mus rau lub tshuab luam yeeb xim, txawm tias ob leeg yog CMYK cov khoom siv tawm.

CMYK kev sib cais yog hais txog ib yam khoom siv rau ib qho laj thawj ntawm ntau yam: Ua ntej, txhua lub cuab yeej muaj nws qhov kev sib npaug ntawm qhov sib npaug thiab kev laus tu (nrog rau qhov khoom poob ntawm qhov khoom). Tsis tas li ntawd, tus neeg teb xov tooj uas teev cov kev sib cais ntawm kev sib cais tuaj yeem hloov tus nqi dub thaum lub sij hawm hloov ntawm RGB mus rau CMYK.

Cov ntaub ntawv dub version

Raws li hais dhau los, cov nyiaj dub uas yuav tsum tsim kom muaj ntau npaum li cov tonal kwv yees feem ntau ntawm cov cwj pwm nqus ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm uas siv. Tus neeg siv txoj kev xaiv ntawm substrate tseem yog ib feem ntawm qhov zoo li no. Txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg ua haujlwm tshuab luam ntawv kuj tuaj yeem hloov qhov thickness ntawm tus number case txheej lawv xaiv. Lub plawv diav ntim quav ntxiv, qhov yooj yim dua ntom nti, uas feem ntau tshwm sim rau ntawm cov duab zoo nkauj dua. Ua kom cov thickness ntawm tus number case txheej ua rau kom tsis txhob muaj qhov seem ntawm tus lej seem. Tej cov tshuab luam ntawv thiaj li nyiam qhov sib cais ntawm cov thawv khov lub thev plaub kom pom tseeb zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev luam tawm.

Tag nrho cov nyhuv ntawm cov xim sib cais yog cov duab uas tau npaj rau cov lej plhaus npog luam tawm yuav tsum tau txo cov xim dub nyob hauv qhov chaw tsaus, raws li tsaus nti ntawm lub tones tsaus yuav tau ua los ntawm luam tawm ntau feem pua ntawm cov cyan, magenta, thiab daj. Txoj kev sib cais xim rau kev txiav txim siab txog cov ntaub ntawv dub nyob rau xim sib cais muaj xws li UCR (Tom qab tshem tawm) thiab GCR (Grey Component Substitution).

Ua kom muaj nuj nqis tonal

Qhov txawv ntawm CMYK cov duab uas tau npaj tseg rau ntau lub tshuab luam tawm ntau tau nce siab ntawm kev nce nqi hauv cov nqi suab (qhov nce ntxiv). Ob lub scanner thiab tus neeg teb xov tooj nias nkag siab tias cov ntawv sau dauv luam tawm ntawm cov ntawv sau tawm ua ib qho duab uas tsaus zog ntau tshaj cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb - cov nyhuv hu ua "dot nce."

Ntxiv rau tej yam xws li ntawv ntiv nplhaib thiab xuas tes tuav, txhua lub tshuab luam ntawv kuj plays lub luag hauj lwm ntawm kev txiav txim siab ntawm qhov nce ntawm daim duab luam tawm. Compensating cov teev poob thaum txoj kev sib cais xim txhais tau hais tias qhov tsaus ntuj uas tshwm sim thaum luam ntawv yuav tsum offset, ua duab zoo dua thaum hloov dua siab tshiab rau CMYK.

Tsiv ib qho duab los ntawm ib lub xeev luam tawm mus rau lwm tus tsis muaj nyiaj them rau cov kev hloov hauv qhov nce nqi yuav ua rau cov duab tsaus nti los yog qaim, uas yuav ua rau muaj xim hloov vim qhov grey tshauv ntawm highlights, midtones, thiab tsaus tones nce ntau plays ib txoj hauj lwm txawv.

Siv cov ntaub ntawv RGB thiab CMYK siv

Ob peb lub chav ua haujlwm tshiab niaj hnub no tseem paub txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm RGB duab cov ntaub ntawv. Cov kws kho tshwj xeeb no pom tau hais tias kev luam thiab cov digital photography yuav tsum tau txais kev cawmdim rau hauv RGB hom thoob plaws cov xim kho thiab kho dua, thiab tom qab cov kev kho tiav tas, hloov mus rau CMYK. Nws yog precisely vim cov ntaub ntawv RGB uas tau raug kho thiab kho tias chav ua haujlwm kev kho mob tuaj yeem kaw cia ntev. Qhov no pub rau cov dluab siv los ntawm lub cim archive yuav muab siv rau ntawm lub tshuab luam ntawv (lossis lwm hom kev sib txuas) uas yog txawv ntawm cov khoom tso tawm thawj. Qhov no tseem ceeb ntawm RGB duab cov ntaub ntawv tau muaj qhov zoo rau ntau cov kev ua haujlwm publishing, seb txoj kev sib cais ntawm xim yog qhov system-xim xim los yog ib qho duab batch conversion method hauv Photoshop siv cov khoom ua ntej.

Qhov tseem ceeb, qhov teebmeem ntawm kev luam cov duab qub rau ntau hom xov tooj, cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj, lossis lub computer ntsuas yuav tsum yog tib yam nkaus. Qhov no yog ua tau thaum ua xim cais sib cais rau txhua lub tshuab. Vim hais tias txhua tus kabke replication yuav tsum sib txawv me ntsis ntawm cyan, magenta, daj, thiab dub los ua ib qho zoo sib xws, cais cov xim sib cais ua cov duab zoo ib yam ntawm cov khoom siv sib txawv.

Txoj kev soj ntsuam (thiab kev ntsuas) qhov sib txawv ntawm cov xim li cas los ntawm cov cuab yeej no yog ntsuas cov cyan, magenta, thiab daj yuav tsum ua kom tsis txhob nchuav hmoov av - peb qhov sib npaug ntawm gray peb hu ua ib qho replication system.

Yog hais tias cov duab tau raug kho los yog kho tom qab hloov mus rau CMYK, mam li rov qab siv cov duab tso tawm rau ib qho kev sib txawv tshaj tawm yuav tsum kho cov highlights, midtones, thiab ntxoov ntxoo ntawm CMYK duab thiab hloov zuag qhia tag nrho gray tshauv thiab xim saturation. Tus nqi dub nyob hauv daim duab yog qhov yooj yim hloov tsis tau compromising cov duab zoo, tab sis yog hais tias cov ntaub ntawv dub tsis kho, luam daim duab yuav tsim cov kev xav tsis zoo.

Piv txwv, CMYK cov duab uas yog keeb kwm xim-sib cais rau cov qib high-quality hauv daim ntawv xa-fed presses tuaj yeem ua rau smudging yog luam tawm ntawm lub xov tooj cua txias. Qhov kev sib cav yog kho cov CMYK duab siv hauv cov nplooj ntawv web lossis CD-ROM tsab ntawv luam tawm. RGB dluab siv tau ntau dua RGB tonal khwv kom me nyuam zog, xim ntau dua. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab daim duab xim sib cais hauv CMYK, tag nrho cov pixels hauv daim duab yog nyob rau hauv CMYK tonal ntau.

Tus qauv nyob rau hauv tag nrho luam tawm kev lag luam kom RGB dluab tau ntsib ib co tsis los ntawm kev paub scanner tswv thiab cov xim tshwj xeeb sib cais. Cov kws tshaj lij no tau kawm txog kev sib txawv ntawm cov xim thaum siv cov khoom siv ntawm ib lub tshuab luam yeeb thiab qhov ntev ntawm RGB duab cov ntaub ntawv tsuas yog tsav lub teeb ntawm cov zis ntawm cov zis. Tab sis lawv tsis hnov txog RGB duab cov ntaub ntawv rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob kom txog rau thaum cov neeg pib luam ntawm lawv cov lag luam pheej yig hauv cov duab CCD. Rau cov koom haum nrog cov yeeb yam high-end xim, RGB cov duab pib ntawm cov duab scanners ua ib qho kev phem. Yog li ntawd, cov kws kho cov ua haujlwm tau txuas nrog RGB xim kho kom tsawg dua cov duab zoo.

Yuav luag kaum xyoo dhau los, Linotype-Hell (tam sim no Heidelberg Prepress) tau luam tawm nws thawj LinoColor. Qhov kev pab cuam software txhawb cov xim kho ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ua ntej cov duab cov ntaub ntawv hloov dua siab tshiab rau CMYK.

CIE LAB hom

Lino Xim kuj qhia txog cov neeg ua haujlwm tshaj tawm rau CIE LAB xim nqaij daim tawv - tsis yog RGB los yog CMYK. Los ntawm Commission Lino Colour workflow tsim los ntawm International edel'Eclairage captures RGB duab cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm CIE LAB hom ua xim kho thiab kho, thiab ces decomposes cov ntaub ntawv hauv CMYK hom.

ICC tau txais xim tswj haujlwm, ua haujlwm los ntawm Apple Computer ColorSync software, cwj pwm nws cov hauv paus hniav mus rau LinoColor lub RGB-CIELAB-CMYK haujlwm. Kua lub cuab yeej software rau kev hloov xim (theColorSync xim qauv qauv) yog kev hloov LinoColor. Ib qhov zoo dua ntawm CIELAB qhov chaw xim yog tias daim duab yuav raug hloov mus rau CIELAB hom thiab rov qab mus rau RGB yam tsis muaj kev hloov hauv cov duab zoo - txawm tias nws tseem yog qhov teeb meem kev sib cav raws li yuav ua li cas cov tswv yim los yog output CIELAB hloov cov duab . CIELAB muaj tag nrho cov xim pom rau lub qhov muag liab qab, yog li ntawm Hawj txawm, kev nplhaib thiab ci ntsa iab raug kho kom hloov tau cov duab rau txhua qhov tonal los yog daim system.

CIELAB muab qhov chaw zauv rau txhua cov xim uas pom pom ntawm qhov muag liab raws li peb lub cim (L, A, thiab B). Tus nqi L yog lub teeb ci ntawm cov kob los ntawm lub teeb tsaus nti. Cov qhab nia A thiab B tsuas yog cov haujlwm nyob rau ntawm lub tebchaws (A) thiab cov nqaj hlau (B), kos los ntawm qhov chaw xim, thiab tsis muaj kev txaus siab nyob nruab nrab ntawm qhov chaw xim. Xim saturation (tseem hu ua chromaticity) tsub kom raws li qhov kev qhia taw tes txav deb ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub voj voos. Tus hawj hai tau txiav txim siab tau txiav txim siab los ntawm tsiv ib ncig ntawm qhov chaw.

Txawm li cas los xij, yuav kom siv cov xim kho, xim, thiab ci ntsa iab (HSL) kev kho xim, nws tsis yog los hloov cov duab rau CIELAB. Kev cob qhia duab (nrog rau cov yeeb yam Adobe Photoshop thiab LinoColor) pab RGB hom dluab kom tau los ntawm kev kho HSL qhov tseem ceeb, suav nrog HSL qhov tseem ceeb raws li tag nrho los yog ib qho kev ua haujlwm los yog cov xim txawv. Cov neeg siv cov duab Photoshop siv CMYK tuaj yeem nrhiav countermeasures los ntawm cov lus palette thiab Tus Saib Miv: muab lub CMYK tus nqi ntawm daim duab ntawm lub sijhawm ua ntej cov duab sib cais. Lub palette tau muab kho kom pom cov nqi tseeb uas yog los ntawm RGB cov ntaub ntawv sib cais. Zoo sib xws, CMYKPreview yuav xaiv los ntawm tus saib nas cais cov duab qhia siv tsav tsheb. Siv cov cuab yeej ob no, cov neeg ua hauj lwm high-end scanner tswv yuav xav txog xim kho nyob rau hauv RGB hom thiab tuaj yeem soj ntsuam cov ntsiab lus ntawm CMYK qhov tseem ceeb.

Xim kho lus

Yog vim li cas lub tswv yim yooj yooj yim: yog tias muaj xim muaj peev xwm raug pom ntawm RGB duab, qhov yuav tsum tau hloov yog yooj yim thiab hloov tag nrho cov duab tonal ntawm cov duab. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj tos kom txog thaum cov duab sib txawv xim thiab qhov kev kho cov xim zoo li qub, qhov xim ntawm cov xim cam yog faib cov xim plaub. Feem ntau, tsuas yog xim cov xim ntawm ob xim nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab xim ntxiv (xws li xim cyan uas ua los ntawm ntau ntau ntsuab thiab xiav) yog tam sim no muab faib tag nrho plaub xim ntawm CMYK duab. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim kom tshem tawm cov cyan xim hauv RGB dluab siv Photoshop lub Xim Balance tswj. Thaum nkag mus rau cov kev tsim nyog rau kev hloov cov lus tseem ceeb, nruab nrab, thiab ntxoov ntxoo, tag nrho cov grey teev ua rau nruab nrab. Yog tias ib qho kev sim ua kom ua tib yam cyan kho ntawm daim duab tom qab CMYK kev hloov, qhov seem ntawm qhov cyan yuav nyob hauv cov nplai grey.

Tswj dot loj rau highlights thiab ntxoov ntxoo

Ib qho tseem ceeb kom zoo ntawm RGB xim kho yog tias tus neeg siv yuav tswj tau qhov loj ntawm cov highlights thiab ntxoov ntxoo. Thaum twg cov duab kho xim, qhov kev hloov ntawm qhov kev xav tau ua kom tshem tawm cov hawj uas txuas mus rau qhov chaw qis tshaj plaws thiab darkest ntawm daim duab. Them nyiaj tshwj xeeb kom hloov, txwv tsis pub cov xim kho lus yuav tshem cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov duab lossis teeb cov xim tsis txaus siab mus rau hauv qhov tsaus ntuj. Qee cov kev kho cov tonal siv dav vim tias lawv tsim nyog tswj cov coob tus highlights thiab ntxoov ntxoo (xws li Photoshop Curves ua haujlwm).

Txawm hais tias muaj xim hloov txoj kev siv, xaiv qhov tseem ceeb los yog cov duab ntxoov ntxoo taw nyob ntawm lub tshuab uas siv los-nws yuav tsum muaj cov dots no kom zoo rau qhov zoo ntawm cov yeeb yam ntawm cov xovxwm, cov ntawv pov thawj, lossis lub computer saib siv hauv cov qhov tso tawm. .

Hnub no lub suab qib-theem xim ua kom yooj yim kom tau cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no: ua ntej, kom tau txais qhov tsawg kawg nkaus thiab tsawg tshaj plaws ntawm cov duab; thiab ob, los tsim ib qhov kev sib tw grey uas yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau CMYK cov duab ntawm cov khoom siv zis. Cov hauj lwm ColorSync cov neeg ua hauj lwm yooj yim: tsim ib cov ntaub ntawv pub rau txhua tus tawm lus tso tawm thiab muab cov xim RGB duab ua cov tswv yim. Txhua daim duab RGB yuav tsum muaj qhov tsawg kawg nkaus thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws (piv txwv tias, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm RGB). Lub ColorSync software ces xim-cais cov duab thaum tsim cov kev kho kom haum xim, nrog rau qhov tsim nyog cov ntsiab lus thiab cov duab ntxoov ntxoo ntsiab lus, qhov cuab yeej sib tw gray, thiab cov qauv dub.

Qhov yooj yim ntawm qhov teeb meem no cia li tau piav tawm yog muab piv rau kev ua haujlwm rau kev txiav txim siab txog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws cov ntsiab lus ntawm CMYK duab thaum lub caij nyoog kho xim, thiab tom qab ntawd ces cov duab tshwj xeeb yog tsim. Yog hais tias daim duab no mas nws yeej sau rau ntawm lub xov tooj cua txias thiab cov txheej txheem siv, ces yog tias ntawm daim ntawv on-line qhuav sheetfed yog rov npaj, daim duab yuav tsis zoo siab tshaj. Kho cov duab thiab cov duab ntxoov ntxoo ntawm daim duab los npog cov kev ua si ntau ntxiv tsis tuaj yeem ua kom muaj ntau npaum li cas ntawm cov duab grey uas yog los ntawm daim duab xwb. Qhov tseeb, thaum CMYK cov duab siv rau cov xa hluav taws xob (cov nplooj ntawv web, CD-ROMs, FDF cov ntaub ntawv), qhov teeb meem no yog tshuam vim qhov ntau ntawm cov xim uas tau los ntawm RGB saib xyuas zoo tshaj qhov cov qauv tonal ntawm peb lub ntsiab xim.

Tone range adjustment

Qhov kev sib cav qub yog siv rau kev them nyiaj ntawm qhov kev nce qib (thaum ua ke ntawm kev kho tshuab thiab kho qhov muag uas tsaus ntuj nti daim duab thaum luam tawm). Daim duab thooj rau cov ntawv tsis muaj ntawv lossis ntawv dawb yuav tsum sib zog, thiab siv cov ntaub ntawv uas yuav tsum tau siv cov duab kom muaj kev tsaus ntuj kom ua tau zoo li qub. Hmoov tsis, ua kom cov duab zoo dua compresses cov tonal ntau. Ntxiv qhov muaj nqis hnyav rau cov duab scanned los yog digital (ua cov duab tsaus nti) tsis tsuas yog rov ua qhov qub nqis nruab nrab tus nqi kwv yees qub tab sis tseem ua rau tsis yooj yim.

Xaus

Puas yog koj tsis siv cov qauv duab thiab kev ua haujlwm nrog cov qauv duab system? Tsis yog, tsis raws nraim. Ib yam li ntawd, muaj qee cov kws tshaj lij uas hloov cov duab mus rau CMYK ua ntej thas xim thiab txuag tau qhov kev tshwm sim.

Ntau dua thiab ntau xim cais sib cais pom lub ntsiab zoo ntawm RGB - yooj. Los ntawm xim ntsuas thiab txuag RGB duab cov ntaub ntawv, cov neeg siv tau tsim ntau CMYK cov duab nrog lawv tus kheej gray sib npaug, tshwj xeeb dub version thiab teev cov roj tonal (xws li cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab tsaus tones thiab teev nyiaj tau los). RGB dluab tau txais kev cawmdim los ntawm tus archive kuj tseem siv tau rau cov xov xwm tshiab, nrog rau kev ua yeeb yam-raws li cov tub ntxhais kawm.