Kev luam cov khoom siv - daim ntawv thov thiab kev tsim cov ntawv thiab ntawv qhia
Peb yog ib lub lag luam loj hauv Shenzhen Tuam Tshoj. Peb muaj cov phau ntawv luam tawm, phau ntawv nyuaj, phau ntawv luam ntawv, phau ntawv nyuaj, phau ntawv luam tawm, phau ntawv luam tawm, phau ntawv luam tawm, lub thawv ntim, daim qhia ntawv, txhua yam ntawm PVC, cov ntawv luam tawm, ntawv sau cia, hom tshwj xeeb ntawv xim luam tawm khoom, kev ua si cardand li ntawd.
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Ua ntej, kev txhim kho txhua theem ntawm ntawv thiab cov ntawv qhia
1. Kev txhim kho kev loj hlob
Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los, luam tawm tshuab tau dhau los ua kom zoo dua qub, kev kub ceev thiab kaw. Daim ntawv, uas yog lub ntsiab siv rau kev luam tawm, tsis tau txiav txim siab txog kev luam ntawv thiab kev tsim khoom tshiab, thiab tau ua haujlwm tas li.
(1) Kev loj hlob kev coj ua ntawm kev luam ntawv kab lis kev cai
Tam sim no, luam ntawv yog tsab ntawv tseem ceeb, ntawv xov xwm, ntawv nplua, ntawv pleev, thiab lwm yam. Qhov zoo tshaj ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm, ntawv nplua thiab cov ntaub ntawv coated tau tau zoo dua qub hauv xyoo tas los. Lub khw muag khoom ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm thiab ntawv offset tau pom ib qhov teeb meem uas qhov ntau tshaj qhov muag. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub khw muag khoom tau pib ua haujlwm rau qee yam khoom tshiab.
① Tshem tsis muaj ntawv tsis muaj ntoo-dawb cov ntawv qib siab. Tam sim no, yuav luag tag nrho cov ntawv tsis muaj ntoo-dawb cov ntawv luam tawm siv alkaline papermaking thiab siv calcium carbonate fillers rau ntau qhov loj, thiab kev ua tau zoo li cov ntawv zoo li no tau hloov tsis tau rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm zog thiab dawb. Cov South America Brazil, Tebchaws Europe, thiab Asia tsim cov ntawv tsis muaj ntoo-dawb cov ntawv luam tawm uas muaj teebmeem ntawm 94o txog 96o thiab ib qho xiab>> 150%. Hom ntawv no tsis tsuas muaj cov ntawv luam tawm zoo thiab kev kho qhov muag siab dua, tab sis kuj zoo nkauj cov duab zoo nrog inkjet, laser printing thiab cov qauv kawm ntawv. American International Paper tau tshaj tawm qhov kev nthuav dav ntawm nws cov xim Color LokTM technology los ntawm cov khoom siv ntawm cov khoom siv hp-branded rau cov khoom ntawm IP-ntawv cim. Hewlett-Packard tseem npaj yuav muag cov cuab yeej siv rau lwm yam tsis muaj kev sib txuas, ntoo-dawb pulp mills.
② Hloov daim ntawv tsis muaj ntawv phom ntoo. Lwm cov ntawv kawm ntawv tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv zom av hauv av uas siv rau ntau qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom phom tua hluavtaws, ntxiv nrog cov khoom siv thiab cov teeb pom kev zoo me me. Daim ntawv tuaj yeem hloov cov ntaub ntawv tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom siv rau cov khoom, thiab kho tshuab ntoo pulp. Tej qhov ntawm daim ntawv, qhov sib npaug ntawv tuab, yuav raug txo los ntawm kwv yees li 10%. Qhov ci ntawm qib kawm ntawv no yog piv rau qhov ci ntsa iab ntawm cov ntawv sau tsis muaj ntawv. Lwm cov ntaub ntawv uas tau qhia muaj xws li: Abitibi's Alternative Offset thiab Equal Offset branded webs, thiab Bowater BowHybrid hom luam ntawv.
③ coated offset ntawv (FCO daim ntawv) thiab ntsuas qhov loj ntawm lub teeb nrig coated ntawv. Qhov no yog qhov siab ntxiv-ntxiv ntawv qib uas tsim los ntawm qhov ntsuas qhov loj ntawm lub npoo thiab qhov ntsuas kub zoo ib yam. Cov ntawv siv tau muaj ntau dua cov khoom vaj khoom tsev phuam ntau dua li daim npav (tsis muaj ntawv tso cai) (SC paper). FCO daim ntawv tau luam tawm zoo dua hauv cov thermoset offset luam ntawv, thiab tsim dua rau cov ntawv nplaum nplaum, uas pom zoo zoo zoo thiab ci ntsa iab. FCO daim ntawv hloov cov ntawv tsis muaj ntawv SC thiab LWC, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum siv los ua ib qho ntawv xov xwm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv xov xwm thiab cov nqi ntawv tsawg.
④ coated offset luam ntawv. Qhov kev nthuav dav ntawm kev thermosetting offset thiab kev nce nqi zog tau tsav cov kev xav kom ua lag luam rau ultra-hnav coated ntawv (ULWC daim ntawv), thiab nws kuj yog ib qho kev sib tw rau cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj los tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm thiab opacity. Nyob rau hauv kev teb rau qhov kev thov loj hlob zoo rau kev luam duab zoo, luam ntawv thiab luam ntawv muaj kev ua zoo siv cov kev ntsuam xyuas zoo thiab zoo luam ntawv.
⑤ cov qauv ntawv luam tawm muaj kev cia siab. Cov luam ntawv ceev nrooj tuaj ua ib qho qauv luam tawm. Qhov kev loj hlob thiab kev lag luam ntawm kev lag luam thoob plawg inkjet luam tawm (nyob ze qhov offset level), los ntawm nplooj ntawv xa mus rau lub vas sab. Nws yeej yuav raug siv rau hauv cov ntawv xov xwm thiab cov ntawv xov xwm magazine, thiab yog li ntawd yuav tsum muaj cov ntawv kawm tshiab nrog cov cationic deg zog.
Qhov kev hloov hauv qhov ncaj qha xa ntawv tshaj tawm thiab kev tshaj tawm nyiaj txiag yuav coj kev xav tau cov ntawv tshiab thiab ntau hom ntawv. Yuav kom ua tiav kev luam tawm thiab cov ntaub ntawv luam tawm tau yooj yim ntawm cov ntawv ceev ceev, daim ntawv siv yuav tsum muaj cov xim zoo siv ntau hom xim haum rau ob qho tib si thiab cov luam ntawv. Muaj tam sim no tsis muaj ntawv nyob rau hauv lub khw uas ua tau raws li qhov kev thov no, uas yuav yog ib qho chaw lag luam uas yuav tsum tau tsim thiab xav kom loj hlob sai.
(2) Kev txhim kho kev lag luam ntawm ntim ntawv
Ntawm plaub lub thawv ntim khoom ntawv, yas, hlau thiab iav, cov khoom ntawv yog cov pheej loj tshaj plaws vim tias lawv yog qhov pheej yig tshaj thiab tuaj yeem siv tau. Tam sim no, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntawv ntim khoom hauv Suav teb yog raws li nram no.
① Daim ntawv ntim ntawv, daim ntawv duab thiab cov ntawv xov xwm zoo tshaj plaws yog qhov zoo thiab nyhav nyhav. Yuav kom ua tiav cov kev pabcuam thiab txo cov nqi ntawm cov ntawv xa thiab kev thauj mus los kom ntau li ntau tau, cov ntaub ntawv qes qis, daim duab thiab cov thawv ntawv yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom hauv lub ntiaj teb. Tuam Tshoj yog nyob rau hauv newsprint, letterpress thiab offset printing ntawv, ntawv hnab ntawv, thiab lwm yam. Cov teeb meem muaj pes tsawg tus tau tsa thiab tau hais. Zoo thiab nyhav nyhav thiab ntau yam khoom ntawm cov khoom yuav tsum raug lees paub txog cov khoom xws li cov ntawv ntim ntawv thiab cov ntawv qhia. Qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov nqi ntau ntawm corrugated puag ntawv thiab kraftliner ntawv. Raws li qhov kev thov loj rau cov thawv ntim hauv qib siab, peb cov khoom lag luam yuav tsum muab ntxiv rau hauv qhov tsim nyog ua kom zoo dua qub cov khoom qub, uas yog, 100g / m2 hom ntawv corrugated thiab 210g / m2, 200g / m2 ntawm kraft ntawv. Ob hom.
② Tsim cov ntawv pov thawj tshwj xeeb rau cov zaub mov ntim khoom noj. Tuam Tshoj tus qauv ntawv tseem niaj hnub no yog tib leeg xwb, tsis muaj qhov kev faib cais rau cov khoom ntim sib txawv, thiab tsis muaj cov khoom noj khoom ntim tshwj xeeb rau ntau cov khoom noj sib txawv. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, peb yuav tsum tsim thiab tsim cov ntawv ntim tshwj xeeb rau cov khoom noj sib txawv.
③ Cov kev lag luam ntawm cov nroj tsuag fiber ntau ceev cov thawv, kev tshawb nrhiav thiab kev tsim cov khoom noj txom ncauj siv cov quav cab, cov nplej straw, hom kab ntim, cov nplais thiab lwm cov qoob loo ua cov ntaub ntawv raw nrog kev sib tw thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo.
④ Kev tshawb nrhiav thiab kev tsim cov khoom ntim ntawm ntuj ntsuab. Cov nroj tsuag tsiaj tuaj yeem ua rau hauv hnab thiab thawv los ntawm dov lossis pliaj. Tom qab ntxiv me ntsis nplaum, nws tuaj yeem ua rau hauv cov thawv cushioning ntawm ntau daim.
⑤ Tsim cov ntawv ntim tshwj xeeb rau cov tais diav uas siv los raws li straw pulp. Raws li Suav teb cov ntaub ntawv raw khoom, peb yuav siv cov tshuab ua kom paub meej tias nws qhov kev ua tau zoo nyob rau ntawm lub cev nqaij ntawm cov roj pulp, thiab nws yog tsim rau zaub mov ntim kho rau saum npoo ntawm cardboard, yog li ntawd cov khoom noj tiav lawm tsis kam rau dej kub , tsis muaj leakage, tsis muaj delamination, thiab ua hauj. Roj thiab tshav kub thiab lwm yam dej num. Hloov qee yam ntawm cov ntawv xa tawm tuaj yeem ua rau kom muaj teeb meem loj tuaj ntawm cov khoom siv nyoos.
⑥ Tsim thiab siv cov ntawv xa tuaj. Tam sim no, cov khoom muaj xws li LSQI hom ntim lub thawv ntim, LSOII hom puv honeycomb cardboard ntim lub thawv ntawv thiab LSOIII yam ob sab phaj hom ntim pob. Piv nrog rau lub thawv rau hauv lub thawv ntawm qhov kev qhia tshwj xeeb, nws txuag tau 60% ntawm lub Rooj Tswjhwm Saib. Qhov hom tshiab ntawm cov thawv no yuav yog cov khoom zoo tshaj plaws rau Suav teb cov khoom xa tawm.
⑦ Kev loj hlob thiab daim ntawv thov ntawm pulp molding. Khoom pulp molding yog cov txheej txheem papermaking muaj peb sab. Nws siv cov ntawv pov tseg raws li cov khoom siv raw, thiab ib hom khoom siv ntawv yog molded ntawm lub tshuab mould los ntawm ib lub poom tshwj xeeb, thiab tam sim no yog tab tom tsim nrawm.
2. Kev loj hlob theem
Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los, Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam ntawv tau ceev tseg ib qho kev loj hlob zog, nrog kev lag luam ntawm kev tsim thiab muag, thiab tag nrho cov nyiaj pab tag nrho. Cov zis thiab kev noj cov ntawv thiab cov ntawv muaj ntau xyoo tau nce. Txij li thaum xyoo 2001, nws tau tuav nws txoj hauj lwm thib ob tsuas yog mus rau Tebchaws Meskas thiab nyob rau ob lub tebchaws nyob rau hauv ntiaj teb, los ua tus loj tsim thiab siv cov ntawv thiab ntawv qhia. Raws li qhov kawg ntawm xyoo 2008, muaj li ntawm 3,500 daim ntawv tsim kev lag luam thoob plaws lub teb chaws, thaum cov zis tau nce ntau xyoo los ntawm lub xyoo, cov khoom tsim nrog cov qib siab thiab ntau yam, thiab ntau cov ntawv ua lag luam nrog txhua xyoo ntawm tsheej lab ntawm tons tau tawm, xws li Shandong Chenming thiab Jiangsu Jindong. Shandong Sun, Shandong Huatai, UPM thiab lwm lub lag luam loj.
Nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los, lub tso tawm ntawm daim ntawv thiab cov ntawv xov xwm txuas ntxiv mus. Kev lag luam ntawm cov lag luam loj tshaj tawm los ntawm Ministry of Industry thiab Information Technology hauv xyoo 2008 tau qhia tias 2008, Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam ntawv tiav tshuab thiab cov ntawv xov xwm ntawm 83,9 lab tons, nce 8.75%. Ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm no tau sau txog 4.61 lab tons, cov ntawv luam tawm uncoated tau 14 lab tons, cov ntawv coated yog 4,5 lab tons, cov ntawv xov xwm hnav yog 1 lab tons, daim ntawv dawb yog 11 lab tons, thiab daim ntawv yas yog 15,5 lab tons. Table 1 qhia). Tuam Tshoj tus ntawv sau nqi tau nce los ntawm 5.1 kg rau xyoo 1978 txog 64 kg rau xyoo 2008 (saib Table 2). Nyob rau xyoo 2008, cov ntawv thiab cov ntawv xaib tuaj yeem muaj 3.56 lab tons, ib xyoo raug txo ntawm 11.24%. Kev lag luam ntawm cov ntawv thiab cov duab ntawv pib poob rau xyoo 2005, qis 14.58% hauv 2005, qis dua 15.84% hauv 2006, thiab cia li 9.07% hauv xyoo 2007. Cov qoob loo poob yog: ntawv tshaj tawm, sau ntawv thiab luam ntawv, ntawv muag khoom, corrugated ntawv, tshuab ntsuas ntawv, ntawv tso dag, tes ntawv huab tais, daim ntawv duab, hloov ntawv, ntawv nplaum, thiab lwm yam ntxiv. Cov ntau yam ntxiv yog: ntaub hoob nab thiab luam yeeb. Daim ntawv thiab cov khoom xa duab xa tawm tau 4.12 lab tons, nqis 13.47% xyoo-rau-xyoo. Nws kuj muaj nqis ntau yam: ntawv xov xwm, sau ntawv thiab luam ntawv ntawv, kraft ntawv, corrugated ntawv, xuas tes ua daim ntawv, ntawv qhia. Hloov ntawv, lwm yam ntxiv: Cov ntaub hoob nab, ntawv luam yeeb, tshuab ntsuas ntawv, phab ntsa, ntawv nplaum, thiab lwm yam.
Lub sustained thiab ceev txoj kev loj hlob ntawm daim ntawv kev lag luam stems los ntawm cov tshiab kev tsim kho thiab expansion projects ntawm Tuam Tshoj tus ntawv kev lag luam nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los. Cov dej num no muaj kev taw qhia kev sib tw, cov cuab yeej siv siab, kev teev cov khoom loj ntawm cov tshuab, cov qib siab ntau, thiab kev sib tw ua kom muaj zog thiab tsim khoom zoo. Cov kev siv papermaking kev lag luam thiab kev tswj kev tshaj tawm txawv teb chaws, kev hloov kho ntawm cov qauv kev lag luam, txhim kho Tuam Tshoj cov tshuab papermaking thiab kev tswj, qhov zoo thiab cov qib qib ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm, thiab kev sib tw ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm thoob ntiaj teb.
Tam sim no, qhov zoo ntawm kev tshaj tawm xovxwm thiab cov ntawv luam tawm ntawv tau tsim los tsim kho, thiab nws cov kev ua tau zoo heev tau zoo heev rau cov kev luam tawm thiab kev lag luam luam, uas tau muaj zog ntxiv ntawm cov ntawv luam ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm hauv Suav teb cov ntawv luam thiab kev lag luam luam. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov tsim tau, qhov zoo, thiab qib ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb kuj tseem niaj hnub txhim kho, ntau qhov nce, thiab lub khw nthuav dav. Daim ntawv soj ntsuam qhia tau hais tias lub koom haum luam ntawv tau ua "txais tag nrho cov ntawv pov thawj cov ntaub ntawv", thiab cov ntawv luam ntawv coos Lub zos pauv tau tshaj 80%; nws tau txhawb rau cov xim thiab kev ua kom zoo ntawm cov teeb meem luam tawm.
Qhov ob, qhov teeb meem uas muaj qhov kev txhim kho
Raws li ntawv thiab cov ntawv xaib kev noj qab haus huv zoo txog kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam, GDP nce yuav poob, uas yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntawv thiab ntawv noj khoom haus. Nws tau npaj siab tias cov lag luam ntawv yuav poob qis dua thawj ib nrab ntawm xyoo 2009, nrog rau kev ua kom sov ntawm ib puag ncig hauv xyoo ob. txhim kho. Cov ntawv kev cai tsis tshua muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm cov kev hloov hauv kev lag luam thiab kev xav tau qis dua; lub siab ntawm daim ntawv coated los ntawm qhov txo ntawm xa tawm thiab nce ntawm tsim muaj peev; kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom noj dawb rau ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom tsim tawm tshiab yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws; daim ntawv xov xwm yuav tsum tos rau hnub tawm mus tawm; daim ntawv xaj ntawv yuav raug hloov mus rau kev lag luam. Tej yam yuav yog qhov tseem ceeb thiab lub downturn yuav ntxiv mus.
Nyob rau ntawm lwm tes, ntxiv rau cov ntawv xov xwm nce mus txuas ntxiv, tus nqi siab tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv 2008 yog 5,600 yuan / ton (piv nrog 2007, yuav luag 1,000 yuan ib tuj, tus nqi hauv 2009 yuav poob mus 2007 qib, los yog tsawg dua ) Cov nqi ntawm txhua hom ntawv loj muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb. Cuam tshuam los ntawm kev poob hauv kev thov, coated daim ntawv kuj pom ib qho poob ntawm 300-600 yuan / ton, qhov siab tshaj plaws txawm tias poob ntawm 800 yuan ib tuj; offset printing paper thiab hnav daim ntawv lo thiab lwm yam ntawv sau kuj poob 200 mus rau 300 yuan / Tons ntawm high-grade offset luam ntawv txawm txo qis 500 yuan / tuj; xws li ntawv dawb thiab dawb cardboard nyob rau hauv lub hnab ntawv thiab cov ntawv qhia, tus nqi poob qis, dawb cardboard poob los ntawm 300 yuan / ton, thaum dawb cardboard nqi poob. 600 yuan / tuj. Raws li lub Xeev Council lub "Kev lag luam cov teeb pom kev zoo thiab Revitalization Plan" nyob rau lub Ob Hlis 2009 los mus ua kom cov nyiaj se rov qab ua lag luam, daim ntawv yuav tau txais ib qhov chaw loj dua rau cov nyiaj se tawm xa tawm. Nyob rau hauv kev teb rau cov nyiaj txiag ua lag luam thoob ntiaj teb, tsoom fwv tau nce kev lag luam los tsim kho cov neeg txom ncauj. Nws yuav cia siab tias yuav muaj kev nce rau qhov xav tau rau cov ntawv ntim ntawv, thiab kev noj mov ntawm ntawv thiab tsev neeg daim ntawv tseem yuav tuaj yeem ua rau txoj kev lag luam rov qab.
Thib peb, daim ntawv cog lus thiab daim ntawv cog lus
1. Ua raws li kev tsim kho kom zoo, fineness thiab xim xim hauv kev lag luam luam, hauv koog ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm, kev tsim cov ntawv tshiab hom tsim rau kev luam ntawv tshiab thiab kev txhim kho cov ntawv luam ntawv kom haum yog tib txoj kev.
2. Raws li cov kws paub kev twv ua ntej, lub ntiaj teb monochromatic thiab cov xim digital luam tawm yuav suav 19 feem pua ntawm luam tawm kev lag luam tag nrho xyoo 2010, thiab Tuam Tshoj tus lej luam tawm yuav sau txog 35% ntawm luam tawm. Yog li ntawd, nws yog tsim rau cov luam ntawv. Ntawv yog ib qho kev ntsuas tshiab los txhawb kev zoo ntawm cov luam ntawv thiab nthuav cov ntawv ua lag luam.
3. Rau Suav teb cov ntawv xov xwm kev lag luam, tom qab ntsib kev loj hlob sai dua 10 xyoo, kev loj hlob ntawm kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv ob nrab ntawm 2004 pib qeeb. Kev loj hlob tsis zoo lawm twb tshwm sim hauv xyoo 2008, uas yuav qhia tau tias kev siv cov ntawv xov xwm yuav raug txo kom yog cov khoom tseem ceeb rau kev luam ntawv xov xwm.
4. Internet yog hloov cov neeg txoj kev nyeem ntawv. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm e-phau ntawv yuav cuam tshuam rau kev muag khoom ntawm ntawv luam tawm. Kev muag ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lub ntsej muag ntawm cov ntawv yuav nyob ze.
5. Txawm tsis muaj ntawv luam los yog ntawv ntim, nws yuav nyob ze rau internationalization. Uas yog hais, qee yam tshiab txawv teb chaws tuaj yeem yog txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev siv tshuab uas peb tuaj yeem kawm tau los ntawm.