Polyvinyl cawv
Polyvinyl cawv, hu ua PVA. Cov mis mos molecular: (C2H4O) n. Saponified polymer organic compound ua los ntawm polyvinyl acetate. Polyvinyl cawv yog hmoov dawb, flake, los yog flocculent khoom nrog lub iav hloov kub ntawm 60 mus rau 85 degree C. Polyvinyl cawv muaj ntau pawg cawv, muaj polarity, thiab tuaj yeem tsim hydrogen bonds nrog dej, yog li nws tuaj yeem yaj hauv dej polar. ; Nws tuaj yeem yaj hauv cov kuab tshuaj kub hydroxyl xws li glycerin, phenol, thiab lwm yam, tsis soluble hauv methanol, benzene, General organic solvents xws li acetone thiab roj av. Feem ntau siv rau hauv kev tsim cov polyvinyl acetal, roj av-resistant kav thiab vinylon fibers; kuj tseem siv los ua cov nplaum rau kev tiv thaiv ib ntus ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab, ntaub, tawv, thiab lwm yam., cov ntaub ntawv khi, sizing agents rau fabrics, emulsifiers thiab tiv thaiv colloids tos.
Tshawb nrhiav keeb kwm
Polyvinyl cawv yog thawj zaug pom los ntawm German chemists WOHerrmann thiab Dr. WWHachnel nyob rau hauv 1924. Vim hais tias nws muaj peev xwm nqa tawm cov feem ntau polyol tshuaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab los ntawm insoluble kev kho mob, nws denatures thiab muaj ntau yam functional teebmeem, uas ua rau ib tug series ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws yog dav. siv hauv kev lag luam thiab kev ua liaj ua teb thiab kev siv kho mob. Polyvinyl cawv tau ua tiav kev lag luam hauv xyoo 1926, thiab cov khoom lag luam tau ua tiav kev lag luam loj hauv xyoo 1950. Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 1980s, lub ntiaj teb no lub peev xwm ntau lawm yog hais txog 640kt.
Txoj kev tsim ntawm polyvinyl cawv yog muab faib raws li raw cov ntaub ntawv, muaj ob hom ethylene txoj kev thiab acetylene txoj kev.
Lub cev thiab tshuaj muaj zog
Polyvinyl cawv
Polyvinyl cawv, hu ua PVA
Polyvinyl cawv yog dej-soluble polymer tau los ntawm hydrolysis ntawm polyvinyl acetate tsis muaj polymerization ntawm monomers, luv luv. Dawb flake, flocculent los yog powdery khoom, odorless. Lub cev lub cev ntawm polyvinyl cawv yog cuam tshuam los ntawm cov qauv tshuaj, qib ntawm alcoholysis, thiab degree ntawm polymerization. Muaj ob cov qauv tshuaj nyob rau hauv polyvinyl cawv molecule, uas yog 1, 3 thiab 1, 2 ethylene glycol qauv, tab sis lub ntsiab qauv yog 1, 3 ethylene glycol qauv, uas yog, "lub taub hau thiab tus Tsov tus tw".
Cov txheeb ze ntom ntom ntawm polyvinyl cawv (25 degree / 4 degree) 1.27 - 1.31 (khoom), 1.02 (10% tov), melting point 230 degree, iav hloov kub {{9 } } degree, rhuab hauv huab cua kom nws maj mam hloov xim thiab ua nkig siab tshaj 100 degree . Nws yog dehydrated thiab etherified thaum rhuab mus rau 160-170 degree C, thiab poob nws solubility. Nws pib decompose thaum rhuab mus rau 200 degree C. Tshaj li 250 degree C, nws dhau los ua ib lub polymer uas muaj ob daim ntawv cog lus. Refractive Performance index 1. ) × 107Ω · cm. Nws yog soluble nyob rau hauv dej thiab feem ntau yuav tsum tau rhuab mus rau 65-75 degree C kom tiav dissolution. Insoluble nyob rau hauv roj av, kerosene, zaub roj, benzene, toluene, dichloroethane, carbon tetrachloride, acetone, ethyl acetate, methanol, ethylene glycol, thiab lwm yam. Me ntsis soluble nyob rau hauv dimethyl sulfoxide. 120 - 150 degree soluble hauv glycerin. Tab sis thaum nws txias rau chav tsev kub, nws ua jelly. Txhawm rau yaj polyvinyl cawv, cov khoom yuav tsum tau ntxiv rau hauv chav dej kub nrog nplawm. Tom qab dispersing tusyees, nce qhov kub thiab txias kom ceev lub dissolution, uas muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv agglomeration thiab cuam tshuam tus nqi dissolution. Cov tshuaj aqueous ntawm polyvinyl cawv (5%) yog rhiab heev rau borax thiab boric acid, thiab nws yooj yim los ua gelation. Thaum cov borax nce mus txog 1% ntawm qhov loj ntawm cov tshuaj, irreversible coagulation yuav tshwm sim. Chromate, dichromate, thiab permanganate tuaj yeem ua rau polyvinyl cawv gel.
Kev taw qhia txog kev faib
Polyvinyl cawv yog ib hom dej-solubility ua los ntawm alcoholysis. Cov saw tseem ceeb ntawm cov molecule muaj - CH - CH (OH) - pawg.
Raws li qib ntawm polymerization: nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua ultra-high degree ntawm polymerization (molecular hnyav ntawm 25-30 lab), qib siab ntawm polymerization (molecular hnyav ntawm 17-220000), nruab nrab degree ntawm polymerization ( molecular hnyav ntawm 12-150000) thiab tsawg degree ntawm polymerization (molecular hnyav ntawm 2.5-3.5 lab).
Raws li qib ntawm alcoholysis: nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb hom: ua tiav alcoholysis (98-100% alcoholysis), ib nrab alcoholysis (87-89% alcoholysis) thiab 78% alcoholysis.
Polyvinyl cawv nrog qib siab ntawm polymerization thiab alcoholysis yog lub ntsiab raw khoom ntawm polyvinyl formal fiber. Raws li qib ntawm alcoholysis nce, nws cov solubility hauv dej txo qis heev. Rau polyvinyl cawv, ntau txhiab thiab ntau pua tus lej ntawm qib ntawm polymerization feem ntau muab tso rau hauv pem hauv ntej, thiab qib ntawm alcoholysis yog muab tso rau tom qab. Piv txwv li, polyvinyl cawv 17-99 txhais tau hais tias qhov degree ntawm polymerization yog 1700 thiab degree ntawm alcoholysis yog 99%. Feem ntau, cov degree ntawm polymerization nce, viscosity ntawm cov kua aqueous nce, thiab lub zog thiab hnyav kuj tom qab tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab nce, tab sis cov solubility hauv dej thiab elongation tom qab tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab txo.
PVA 17-88 aqueous tov viscosity maj mam nce nrog lub sij hawm ntawm chav tsev kub. Txawm li cas los xij, viscosity ntawm 8% concentration yog qhov ruaj khov, tsis hais lub sijhawm twg los xij. Qhov tshwj xeeb tshwm sim c polyvinyl cawv muaj cov khoom ua yeeb yaj kiab zoo thiab tsis xis nyob rau ntau lub gases tsuas yog dej vapor thiab ammonia. Lub teeb pom kev zoo, tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm lub teeb. Nws tuaj yeem hlawv thaum muaj hluav taws qhib thiab muaj ntxhiab tsw tshwj xeeb. Thaum cov tshuaj aqueous khaws cia, qee zaum nws dhau los ua tshuaj lom. Non-toxic, non-irritating rau tib neeg daim tawv nqaij. Siv ua emulsion stabilizer rau emulsion polymerization ntawm polyvinyl acetate. Siv rau hauv kev tsim cov dej-soluble adhesives. Siv raws li kev hloov pauv ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab. Nws tseem tuaj yeem siv los npaj cov nplaum nplaum nplaum thiab benzene hnyav-resistant sealant. Kuj tseem siv tau los ua tus neeg tso tawm, dispersant, thiab lwm yam. Khaws rau hauv qhov chaw txias, qhuav. Moistureproof thiab fireproof.
Polyvinyl cawv 17-92 yog abbreviated li PVAl 7-92, dawb hais los yog hmoov. Yooj yim soluble hauv dej, qhov kub dissolution yog 75 - 80 degree . Lwm yam khoom yog qhov pib zoo ib yam li PVA17-88. Siv ua emulsion stabilizer rau emulsion polymerization. Siv rau hauv kev tsim cov dej-soluble adhesives. Khaws rau hauv qhov chaw txias, qhuav, hluav taws kub thiab noo noo.
Polyvinyl cawv {{0}} tseem hu ua sizing resin (Sizing resin), abbreviated li PVAl7-99. Dawb los yog lub teeb daj hmoov los yog floc khoom. Cov iav hloov pauv kub yog 85 degree, thiab tus nqi saponification yog 3 - 12mgKOH / g. Nws yog soluble hauv dej kub ntawm 90 - 95 degree, yuav luag insoluble hauv dej txias. Cov tshuaj aqueous uas muaj ntau dua 10% yuav gel nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub kom khov, thiab yuav dilute thaum kub kub kom rov qab fluidity. Txhawm rau kom ruaj khov viscosity, qhov tsim nyog ntawm sodium thiocyanate, calcium thiocyanate, phenol, butanol thiab lwm yam viscosity stabilizers tuaj yeem muab ntxiv rau cov tshuaj. PvAl7-99 kua yog rhiab heev rau cov gel tshwm sim los ntawm cov xuab zeb tshaj PvAl7, 88. Lub 0.1% borax ntawm cov tshuaj loj yuav gel 5% PVAl{12}} aqueous tov thiab ua rau tib lub concentration ntawm PVA 17-88 aqueous tov gel Cov nyiaj borax yog 1%. Rau aqueous daws ntawm polyvinyl cawv nrog tib lub concentration thiab tib degree ntawm alcoholysis, borax yog gel dua li boric acid. PVAl7-99 tiv taus ntau dua rau cov kuab tshuaj xws li benzene, chlorinated hydrocarbons, esters, ketones, ethers, hydrocarbons, thiab lwm yam tshaj li PVAl7-88. Nws yuav maj mam hloov xim thaum rhuab mus rau saum 100 degree. Nws yuav hloov xim sai sai thaum siab tshaj 150 degree, thiab nws yuav decompose thaum siab tshaj 200 degree. Cov cuab yeej ntawm discoloration ntawm polyvinyl cawv thaum rhuab tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev ntxiv 0.5% mus rau 3% boric acid. Nws muaj lub teeb pom kev zoo thiab tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm lub teeb. Nws muaj cov tshuaj reactivity xws li esterification, etherification thiab acetalization ntawm cov saw ntev polyols. Qhib hluav taws yuav hlawv nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb tsw. Non-toxic, non-irritating rau tib neeg daim tawv nqaij.
Polyvinyl cawv 17-99B feem ntau yog siv los tsim cov viscosity polyvinyl butyral. Dav siv los ua dispersant rau sizing cov ntaub ntawv. Lwm hom 17-99 yog siv los ua emulsion stabilizers rau emulsion polymerization ntawm polyvinyl acetate, tab sis cov nyhuv tsis zoo li 17-88. Feem ntau, 17-99 sib xyaw nrog 17-88. 17-99 yog siv los tsim cov tshuaj aqueous ntawm polyvinyl formal (tsuas yog l07 lub tsev kua nplaum). 17-99 kuj tseem siv los npaj benzene hnyav-resistant sealant. Khaws rau hauv qhov chaw txias, qhuav, tiv thaiv los ntawm noo noo thiab hluav taws.
Toxic teebmeem
Tsis muaj tshuaj lom, tsis ua rau tawv nqaij, yuav tsis ua rau daim tawv nqaij ua xua, tab sis plua plav muaj qhov cuam tshuam rau qhov muag.
txoj kev tsim khoom
Txoj kev tsim ntawm polyvinyl cawv yog muab faib raws li raw cov ntaub ntawv, muaj ob hom ethylene txoj kev thiab acetylene txoj kev
Txoj kev tsim ntawm polyvinyl cawv yog muab faib raws li raw cov ntaub ntawv, muaj ob hom ethylene txoj kev thiab acetylene txoj kev.
1. Direct ethylene synthesis
Txoj kev sib txuas ncaj qha ntawm roj av cracking ethylene tau ntse tsim los ntawm Nyiv Kuraray Co., Ltd. (yav tas los Kurashiki Rayon Co., Ltd.) thawj zaug thiab siv hauv kev tsim khoom. Tam sim no, txoj hauv kev rau kev tsim PVA nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog tswj hwm los ntawm txoj kev ethylene, thiab nws qhov ntau yog 72% ntawm tag nrho cov khoom muaj peev xwm. Tebchaws Asmeskas tau ua tiav qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm txoj kev acetylene mus rau txoj kev ethylene. Nyiv txoj kev ethylene kuj suav nrog ntau dua 70%, thaum tsuas yog ob ntawm Tuam Tshoj cov tuam txhab tsim khoom yog ethylene txoj kev.
Cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis suav nrog: tau txais ethylene thiab synthesis, rectification, polymerization, polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) alcoholysis ntawm vinyl acetate (VAc), rov qab ntawm acetic acid thiab methanol.
Petroleum ethylene txheej txheem cov yam ntxwv: cov txheej txheem ntau lawm yog loj dua li cov txheej txheem acetylene, cov khoom zoo yog qhov zoo, cov cuab yeej siv tau yooj yim los tswj, tswj thiab huv si, qhov kev siv cua sov yog siab, lub zog txuag tau pom tseeb, thiab cov nqi tsim khoom yog 30% qis dua cov txheej txheem acetylene.
2. Direct synthesis txoj kev ntawm natural gas cracking acetylene
Acetylene synthesis txoj kev tuaj yeem muab faib ua calcium carbide acetylene synthesis method thiab natural gas cracking acetylene synthesis method raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv raw.
1. Synthesis txoj kev ntawm calcium carbide acetylene
Calcium carbide acetylene synthesis txoj kev, qhov ntxov tshaj industrialized ntau lawm.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm calcium carbide acetylene txoj kev: kev ua haujlwm yooj yim, siab yield, thiab kev sib cais yooj yim ntawm cov khoom lag luam. Yog li ntawd, tseem muaj 10 lub chaw tsim khoom hauv Suav teb uas tseem siv cov qauv no rau kev tsim khoom, thiab lawv feem ntau siv cov txheej txheem alkali siab rau kev tsim khoom. Txawm li cas los xij, vim muaj kev siv hluav taws xob ntau, tsis zoo, thiab tus nqi siab ntawm txoj kev no, cov pa phem ntawm ib puag ncig los ntawm impurities tsim nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntau lawm kuj hnyav dua. Tus nqi yog siab dua PVA 800-1000 yuan / t ua los ntawm lwm txoj kev, uas tsis muaj kev sib tw ua lag luam thiab maj mam tshem tawm cov txheej txheem. Cov teb chaws txawv teb chaws tau siv tag nrho cov txheej txheem qis-alkali ntau lawm thaum ntxov li xyoo 1970s.
2. Natural gas cracking acetylene
Direct acetylene synthesis method Nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam uas nplua nuj nyob rau hauv natural gas, thee thiab hluav taws xob, lub natural gas acetylene txoj kev tseem muaj vitality. Lub teb chaws xws li Europe thiab North Kauslim yog thawj tus txheej txheem roj acetylene, thiab Tuam Tshoj muaj cov chaw tsim khoom uas siv cov qauv no.
Borden txoj kev nrog natural gas acetylene li raw khoom tsis tsuas muaj mature technology, tab sis kuj tsim acetylene uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev siv dav. Tus nqi tsim khoom ntawm VAc yog 50-70% qis dua calcium carbide acetylene txoj kev. Tab sis natural gas acetylene peev thiab kev nyuaj siab ntau dua.
Ethylene method, natural gas method thiab acetylene method muaj lawv tus kheej qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo. Cov txheej txheem txheej txheem thiab cov yam ntxwv tau qhia hauv cov lus hauv qab no:
Raw material route Petroleum ethylene Natural gas acetylene Carbide acetylene
Cov txheej txheem tshuaj tiv thaiv
Tsau txaj pa roj theem txoj kev Tsau txaj pa roj theem txoj kev Boiling bed gas phase method
Cov txheej txheem txheej txheem
Kub / degree 150 - 200 170 - 210 170 - 210
Siab / MPa 0.49 - 0.98 Lub siab ib txwm muaj
Airspeed / L · h-1 2040 - 2100 250 - 280 110 - 150
Raw khoom piv (molar ratio) Ethylene: acetic acid: oxygen=9: 4: 1.5 C2H2: HAc=1: 7 ± 1 C2H2: Hac=1: 3 ± 1
Catalyst muaj pes tsawg leeg Palladium, kub noble hlau Zn (Ac) 2 / activated carbon Zn (Ac) 2 / activated carbon
Catalyst lub neej 5 - 6 hli 3 hli 5 - 6 hli
Technical effect
Ib-txoj kev hloov pauv tus nqi,% 15 - 20 60 - 70 30 - 35
Space-time yield / t · (m3 · d) -1 6 - 8 2 0 - 2 5 1 0 - 1.3
Cov txiaj ntsig tsawg dua los ntawm cov khoom lag luam, cov khoom siv corrosive tsawg, cov khoom siv catalyst siab, cov khoom zoo, kev siv hluav taws xob zoo, pheej yig thiab yooj yim catalyst, tsawg sab tshua, paub tab technology, tsawg peev, yooj yim catalyst muaj.
Disadvantages Precious catalyst High acetylene nqi High acetylene nqi
Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb
Polyvinyl cawv yog dav siv. Nws tuaj yeem siv los ua emulsion stabilizer thiab dispersion stabilizer hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv polymerization. Nws tuaj yeem hloov cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab thiab pob txha pob txha ua cov nplaum. Nws yog dav siv hauv papermaking, fiber ntau ua, ntoo ua, tshuaj, tawv, kev tsim kho, iav, Ntim thiab ntau lwm yam lag luam. Piv txwv li: hauv kev ua fiber ntau, nws tuaj yeem siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev warp sizing, ntaub xov tus neeg sawv cev (saib textile additives), thiab lwm yam .; raws li ib tug pigment nplaum nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ua rau nto txheej ntawm daim ntawv, raws li ib tug kua nplaum rau daim ntawv thov nto ntawm daim ntawv Glue; siv nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj rau tshuaj adhesives, ncua kev kawm ntawv, txheej cov ntaub ntawv, tshuaj pleev lub hauv paus, thiab txawm raws li ib tug hloov ntshav plasma.
Kev kho mob polyvinyl cawv
Nws yog hydrolysis khoom ntawm polyvinyl acetate. Nws yog cov hmoov dawb uas muaj ntau pawg hydroxyl thiab soluble hauv dej. Nws muaj biocompatibility zoo thiab anticoagulant zog. Lub cross-linked hydrogel irradiated nrog ultraviolet lub teeb yog siv los txhaj thiab sau lub vitreous kab noj hniav ntawm lub qhov muag. Cov crystalline hydrogel tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom siv pob txha mos, thiab tseem tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom siv hemostatic, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab cov yeeb yaj kiab qhov muag.
Polyvinyl cawv resin
Polyvinyl cawv resin series cov khoom yog cov khoom dawb, thiab cov tsos tau muab faib ua peb hom: flocculent, granular thiab powdery; tsis muaj tshuaj lom, tsis muaj ntxhiab thiab tsis muaj kuab lom, thiab tuaj yeem yaj hauv 80-90 degree dej. Nws cov kua dej aqueous muaj qhov adhesion zoo thiab ua cov yeeb yaj kiab; nws yog resistant rau feem ntau cov organic solvents xws li roj, lubricants thiab hydrocarbons; Nws muaj cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg xws li esterification, etherification thiab acetalization ntawm cov saw ntev polyols.
Txoj kev npaj: Nws yog tsim los ntawm saponification ntawm vinyl acetate.
Siv: feem ntau yog siv rau warp sizing, textile finishing agent, vinylon fiber raw khoom nyob rau hauv kev lag luam textile; 107 adhesives, sab hauv thiab sab nrauv phab ntsa coatings, adhesives nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho thiab kho kom zoo nkauj kev lag luam; siv los ua polymerization emulsifier, dispersant thiab polyvinyl formal hauv kev lag luam tshuaj, Acetal, butyral resins; siv los ua daim ntawv nplaum hauv kev lag luam ntawv; siv los ua cov av txhim kho, cov tshuaj tua kab adhesion synergists thiab polyvinyl cawv zaj duab xis hauv kev ua liaj ua teb; kuj siv nyob rau hauv niaj hnub tshuaj pleev ib ce thiab high-frequency quenching Agents thiab lwm yam.
peb muab patented tag nrho biodegradable zaj duab xis thiab PVA hnab, tag nrho cov khoom yog tsim los ntawm cov cuab yeej casting, Nws yog txawv los ntawm cov tsoos tshuab molding khoom, tag nrho cov tshuab molding khoom yog tsis tag nrho biodegradable. Peb tuaj yeem tsim pva zaj duab xis thiab lub hnab ntim puv pob tshab thiab ntau xim. thiab PVA zaj duab xis yog du dua li cov tsoos tshuab molding khoom.
Peb kuj muab cov khoom siv organic tag nrho biodegradable zaj duab xis thiab hnab nrog patented raw khoom thiab txheej txheem ntau lawm.
Yog xav paub ntxiv PVA zaj duab xis thiab hnab khoom thov mus saib peb:
https://www.joyful-printing.com/pva-bag/
http://www.joyful-printing.com/pva-bag/