Txoj kev tswj xyuas cov ntxaij vab tshaus thiab cov xim luam ntawv
Peb yog ib lub lag luam loj hauv Shenzhen Tuam Tshoj. Peb muaj cov phau ntawv luam tawm, phau ntawv nyuaj, phau ntawv luam ntawv, phau ntawv nyuaj, phau ntawv luam tawm, phau ntawv luam tawm, phau ntawv luam tawm, lub thawv ntim, daim qhia ntawv, txhua yam ntawm PVC, cov ntawv luam tawm, ntawv sau cia, hom tshwj xeeb ntawv xim luam tawm khoom, kev ua si cardand li ntawd.
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Txawm hais tias luam tawm tuaj yeem tshaj tawm ntau txhiab tus xim, vim tias kev siv cov duab thim xim, qhov ci ntawm qhov xim tsis muaj zog, thiab qee cov xim zoo nkauj tshaj plaws yog nthuav qhia tawm hauv cov ntawv luam. Ntawm qhov tod tes, qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam yog qhov ntau tshaj sau-nplua nuj nyob rau hauv qhov ntau ntawm cov xim qhia vim cov txheej txheem ntawm cov khoom siv xim ntxiv. Qhov no yog vim li cas cov xim zoo nkauj ntawm qhov screen tsis tuaj yeem ua luam tawm los ntawm luam ntawv, ua rau muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov xim ntawm qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam thiab cov luam tawm. Cov tshuaj no yog los txhim kho tus cwj mem thiab daim ntawv xaj kom nws rov tuaj yeem ua rau lub tsho dawb, xim daj, tab sis qhov no tsis yog ib qho kev tshwm sim tawm. Lwm txoj hauv kev yog ua kom cov xim ntawm cov vijtsam ua kom pom zoo rau cov ntawv luam, yog li ntawd qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam pom yog luam tawm.
Qhov sib txawv xim gamut yog qhov siab tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv uas tus ntaus tau ntawv los sis luam xim. Cov xim ntawm lub qhov muag ntawm lub ntsej muag yog qhov muag pom tag nrho. Nyob rau hauv lub wavelength ntau ntawm 380 mus 780, cov xim gamut ntawm luam ntawv yog li ntawm ntawv thiab number case. Cov ntawv sib txawv dua cov ntawv sib tw, thiab muaj ntau yam luam yeeb. Tus sau yog txawv ntawm phau ntawv, thiab Pantone lub xim gamut kuj txawv ntawm DIC. Lwm tus neeg xws li cov ntxaij vab tshaus, luam yeeb, tshuab luam yeeb, thiab lwm yam kuj muaj nyias xim gamut. Nws yog cov tswv yim kom paub cov xim gamut ntawm lub ntaus ntawv vim hais tias ib tug ntaus ntawv tsis sau lossis luam cov xim sab nraum lub gamut. Piv txwv li, tib neeg lub qhov muag pom tsis tau cov xim ntawm infrared lossis X-ray, thiab qee cov neeg muaj peev xwm ua kom txawv xim, xws li ntau xim xim, tab sis nws tsis yooj yim rau cov ntawv sau cia. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws peb tuaj yeem tau txais qhov zoo tshaj yog qhov gamut ntawm ib hom khoom, simulating tus sau ntawm lwm lub tshuab. Yuav ua li cas yuav ua rau tib neeg qhov muag xav hais tias lub gamut xim ntawm ob tug yog zoo li nyob rau hauv simulation txheej txheem yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov xim xim.
Kev tswj xim thiab xim xim
Yuav tsim kom muaj xim, ib txheej ntawm cov qauv yuav tsum yog tsim los rau sawv cev thiab sib kis ntawm cov xim. Tam sim no, ntau xim tswj lub tshuab xws li LinoColor thiab Agfa's Phototone yog tsim nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia no. Los ntawm cov txheej txheem qauv (ICC sib piv cov ntaub ntawv) piav qhia cov xim gamut ntawm cov khoom siv, xim xam software yog siv los ua kev hloov dua tshiab ntawm cov xim gamut. Khiav lag luam los txo cov xim sib txawv thiab sib cuam tshuam los ntawm txawv xim gamut thiab specifications thaum lub sij hawm xim hloov ntaub ntawv. Los tswj cov kev tswj cov xim, ua ntej paub cov gamut yam ntxwv ntawm lub cuab yeej. Txoj kev tshaj lij tshaj plaws los mus piav qhia cov xim ntawm CYELab yog lub koom haum International Lighting Association, uas hloov cov teeb meem ntawm lub teeb rau hauv ib txheej ntawm cov ntaub ntawv xim raws li tib neeg pom kev coj, qhov twg L yog xim ntawm cov hauj lwm xim thiab xim sib txawv ntawm kev piav qhia. Cov ntawv pov thawj ua xim ntsuab, yog b cov duab uas cov xim daj thiab daj. Hauv CIELab qhov chaw xim, txhua tus neeg pom muaj xim muaj txoj hauj lwm nyob rau xim. Los ntawm kev sib piv nrug ntawm ob txoj haujlwm xim, peb tuaj yeem txiav txim siab kwv yees li ntawm cov xim ntawm ob sab. Txij thaum pom lub teeb spectrum yog lub hauv paus ntawm cov txheej ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, nws tuaj yeem npog cov xim uas ua los ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam thiab luam ntawv, thiab siv tau los mus xim xim ntawm lub delegation lub qhov muag.
Piv txwv, piav qhia cov xim gamut ntawm lub tshuab luam ntawv, ua ntej luam tawm ib co kev kuaj xim ntawm lub tshuab luam ntawv. Cov xim hauv cov xim muaj xws li ntau yam xim thiab xim uas nyuaj rau luam. Tom qab ntawd siv cov spectrometer los ntsuas CIELab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov xim pob zeb, thiab siv cov software kom muab cov ntaub ntawv. Sau cov ntaub ntawv sib piv ntawm ICC, ntxiv nrog rau cov lus qhia txog cov xim gamut, tab sis kuj muaj xws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom, xws li cov dub version nta, cov ntawv teev nyiaj txiaj, thiab lwm yam. Nrog cov ntaub ntawv sib piv ntawm tus ntaus ntawv, xim xam software yuav xa cov yam ntxwv ntawm ob yam khoom, thiab sib piv cov xim gamut ntawm lub cuab yeej rau hauv CIELab xim qhov chaw rau kev sib piv thiab kev hloov dua siab tshiab, yog li ua tau ib qho kev simulation zoo tagnrho. Cov tshuab uas tau mus txog theem ntawm daim ntawv thov kev tsim ntau yog siv ntau tshaj plaws, uas yog simulate luam yeeb xim gamut ntawm qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam thiab simulate luam xim gamut nrog lub tshuab luam ntawv. Txij li cov xim gamut ntawm qhov screen loj tshaj cov xim gamut ntawm qhov luam, simulation hauv qhov no tseem hu ua gamut compression simulation. Kev simulation tag nrho yog raws li cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv tswj, ces cov cim thiab cov kev tswj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib piv ua qhov haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws.
Hypothesis ntawm kev tswj xim
Yog cov xim tswj qhov tau siv kom cov xim tsim tau qhov kev xav tau? Kom teb tau lo lus nug no, koj yuav tsum to taub cov kev xav tom qab qhov kev tswj xim. Cov hauj lwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov kev tswj xim xim yog simulate cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lwm tus paub txog xim gamut ntawm CIELab qhov chaw raws li cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib qho kev paub xim gamut. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau xav tias ob qho tib si xim gamuts nyob twj ywm hauv cov ntaub ntawv kaw gamut. txheej xwm. Uas yog hais, lub xeev xeev ntawm qhov ntaus ntawv sib piv cov ntaub ntawv thiab lub xeev cov khoom tsim thaum xam cov xim gamut yuav tsum yog tib yam. Yog tias cov ntaub ntawv sib piv uas nag hmo tsis tuaj yeem muab piv nrog cov khoom siv niaj hnub no, cov xwm txheej ntawm cov khoom yuav nce mus ntxiv, thiab cov kev tswj xim tsis tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev txo qhov sib txawv. Lub txheej txheem tsis ruaj tsis khov kuj yuav ua rau cov kev tswj xim xim kom nthuav cov xim txawv. Vim li no, cov kev tswj xim xim zoo dua rau lub Hoobkas tsim, xim sib cais, cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj thiab kev luam ntawv, vim nws yooj yim los tswj cov kev hloov hauv cov txheej txheem hauv tib lub Hoobkas.
Xim tsis yog tsuas yog tsim qauv, tab sis kuj yog tus qauv txais kev tsim khoom. Txawm hais tias ib tug neeg tsis kam lees txais ib daim luam uas tsis zoo rau hauv cov xim, nws yuav tsis tau patronized lwm zaus. Ntau lub tuam txhab tau poob cov neeg muas zaub vim cov xim muaj teeb meem. Nws tuaj yeem pom tau tias kev paub txog kev cai lij choj ntawm kev nthuav qhia xim thiab kev tswj xim zoo yog ib qho kev tsim nyog uas tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua kom ntau lawm. Nrog cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws thiab tsis muaj kev sib raug zoo, kev sib tw ua lag luam ntawm kev lag luam, txoj hmoo ntawm raug tshem tawm yuav raug muab tshem tawm.
Txheej Txheem
Thaum nws tawm los rau duab thiab cov duab, nws yog ntuj los tham txog cov xim. Txhua tus qauv yog tsim los ntawm cov qauv duab thiab xim. Xim yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm peb cov duab ua. Hauv qab no peb yuav to taub cov ntsiab cai ntawm cov xim, nws yuav yog peb daim duab. hauv paus.
(a) Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm peb lub ntsiab xim
Hauv hoob physics hauv middle school, peb kuj tau sim nrog cov kev coj noj coj ua. Tom qab dhau los ntawm kev sib txawv, lub teeb dawb tuaj yob mus rau ntau hom xim maj mam hloov chromatograms. Cov xim yog xim liab, txiv kab ntxwv, daj, ntsuab, cyan, xiav, thiab ntshav. Qhov no yog qhov pom spectrum. . Qhov muag ntawm tib neeg yog feem ntau rhiab rau xim liab, ntsuab thiab xiav. Lub tib neeg qhov muag zoo li peb lub suab txias. Feem ntau ntawm cov xim yuav ua tau synthesized nyob rau hauv ntau hom ntawm liab, ntsuab thiab xiav. Ib yam li ntawd, feem ntau ntawm cov teeb liab monochromatic tuaj yeem hloov mus rau xim liab, ntsuab thiab xiav. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov xim ntawm cov xim, uas yog txoj cai ntawm peb lub ntsiab xim. Qhov peb thawj xim muaj kev ywj pheej ntawm txhua tus lwm yam, thiab tsis muaj ib yam ntawm ob lub ntsiab xim tau nrog lwm ob xim. Liab, xim ntsuab thiab xiav yog peb lub ntsiab xim, thiab cov xim peb muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov xim. Cov xim liab, xim ntsuab thiab xiav xim yog ntxiv rau ntau hom kev sib txawv kom tsim tau cov xim sib xyaw uas hu ua additive color mixing.
Liab + ntsuab = daj
Ntsuab + xiav = cyan
Liab + xiav = magenta
Liab + ntsuab + xiav = dawb
Daj, cyan, thiab magenta yog ua los ntawm ob hom xim thiab xim, yog li ntawd lawv tseem hu ua cov xim ntxiv. Tsis tas li ntawd:
Liab + cyan = dawb
Ntsuab + Magenta = Dawb
Xiav + daj = dawb
Yog li ntawd, cyan, daj, thiab magenta yog cov xim ntawm cov xim liab, xiav, thiab ntsuab. Vim tias txhua tus neeg lub qhov muag muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm tib xim, yog tias peb sib xyaw peb thawj xim ntawm qhov kev siv tib yam, piv txwv tias qhov kev siv lub teeb dawb yog 100%, ces qhov kev xav ntawm tus neeg yog tias lub teeb ntsuab yog lub ci tshaj plaws . Liab lub teeb yog ob, xiav lub teeb yog qhov weakest.
Ntxiv nrog rau qhov xim xim sib tov sib xyaw, nws muaj ntau hom xim sib xyaw xim. Raws li lub teeb dawb, lub cyan pigment absorbs liab thiab qhia cyan. Cov xim daj tuaj yeem xiav thiab qhia txog daj. Lub magenta pigment absorbs ntsuab thiab qhia magenta. Ntawd yog:
Dawb-liab = cyan
Dawb-ntsuab = magenta
Dawb-xiav = daj
Tsis tas li ntawd, yog tias ob lub pigments ntawm cyan thiab daj tseem sib xyaw, nyob rau hauv lub teeb pom kev ntawm lub teeb dawb, txij thaum cov xim absorbs liab thiab xiav, thiab qhia cov ntsuab, qhov sib xyaw ntawm cov pigments yog raws li nram no:
Pigment (daj + cyan) = dawb - liab - xiav = ntsuab
Pigment (magenta + cyan) = dawb - liab - ntsuab = xiav
Pigment (daj + magenta) = dawb - ntsuab - xiav = liab
Tag nrho cov saum toj no yog sib cais xim sib tov, thiab qhov sib txuam xim sib tov yog tsim cov xim sib txawv ntawm absorbing ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm peb lub ntsiab xim. Yog li ntawd, cyan, magenta, thiab daj yog hu ua peb cov thawj xim ntawm cov pigment. Cov xim xim ntawm peb lub ntsiab xim ntawm pigments yog dav siv nyob rau hauv kev tha xim thiab luam ntawv. Ntawm peb qhov xim thawj xim ntawm cov xim, peb xim ntawm xim liab, ntsuab thiab xiav yog raug xa mus raws li kev hloov theem ob los sis cov xim ntxiv rau xim. Ntawm qhov kev rho tawm qib ob yog:
(cyan + daj + magenta) = dawb - liab - xiav - ntsuab = dub
Cov xim hom uas muaj los ntawm qhov saum toj no hais ntau xim xim nws peb lub ntsiab xim hu ua RGB hom, thiab xim hom sawv cev los ntawm qhov sib xyaw sib xyaw xim peb thawj xim ntsiab cai hu ua CMYK hom, thiab lawv dav siv rau hauv cov cheeb tsam ntawm nrag thiab luam ntawv.
RGB hom yog ib hom kev siv ntau hom xim ntawm kev kos duab. Hauv no hom, nws yog qhov yooj yim los ua cov dluab, thiab RGB cov dluab siv tsawg dua li CMYK cov duab, uas yuav txuag nco thiab chaw.
CMYK hom yog xim hom, yog li nws belongs rau hom ntawv, tab sis nws yog qhov tseem zoo ib yam li RGB hom, tab sis txoj kev nws ua xim yog txawv. RGB yog hom xim xim sib tov sib xyaw, thiab CMYK yog cov xim sib cais sib tov. Piv txwv, cov lus pom zoo rau RGB hom vim hais tias cov zaub yog ib txoj hlua hluav taws xob uas muaj faus fab khoom siv ntawm qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam kom nrov tuaj ua xim. Nws yog dub thaum tsis muaj lub teeb, thiab dawb thaum lub teeb ntxiv rau qhov siab kawg nkaus. Thiab zoo li cas txog cov tshuab luam ntawv? Lub cim nws tsis tso tawm los ntawm nws tus kheej. Yog li ntawd, nws tsuas yog tsim nyog yuav nqus lub meej meej nthwv dej thiab muaj kev cuam tshuam cov xim ntawm lwm lub teeb, yog li nws xav tau kev daws teeb meem los ntawm kev sib rho xim.
(B), HLS (Hawj txawm, ci ntsa iab, kev nplua nuj) txoj cai
HLS yog Hawj, Luminance, Saturation. Hawj txawm yog qhov xim ntawm cov xim. Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov xim xim. Nws yog xya hom liab, txiv kab ntxwv, daj, xim ntsuab, xiav, xiav thiab xiav uas peb niaj zaus tham txog, txhua tus uas sawv cev rau Hawj. Qhov hloov ntawm Hawj txawm yog hloov nws cov xim.
Brightness yog lub ci xim ntawm thawj xim ntawm ntau yam xim (xws li lub ntsiab xim ntawm RGB dluab yog R, G, B los yog ntau yam zoo li tus kheej-xim), thiab qhov kev ci ci tseem ceeb kuj yog kev hloov ntawm ci ntsa iab. Qhov ci ntsa iab ntawm 0 txog 255 thiab muab faib ua 256 ntau ntau. Grayscale duab peb feem ntau yog tham txog yog qhov sib faib ntawm 256 theem ntawm qhov kaj dawb thiab dawb huv dub, uas yog, los ntawm dawb mus grey, ces dub. Ib yam nkaus, hauv RGB hom, nws nruab nrab yog lub ci ci ntawm cov thawj xim, uas yog, qhov ci tseem ceeb ntawm peb lub ntsiab xim ntawm xim liab, ntsuab thiab xiav, ntawm ntiav mus tob.
Kev ncaj ncees hais txog lub chroma ntawm cov xim ntawm daim duab. Rau txhua qhov xim, nws muaj ib qho xim zoo li tus qauv, thiab saturation yog lub cev ntau npaum li cas piav qhia txog qhov xim ze li cas rau qhov xim xim. Kho cov kev nplua taws yog kho lub chroma ntawm daim duab. Thaum lub teeb duab ntawm qhov duab yog xoom, daim duab ua ib daim duab grayscale, thiab koj tuaj yeem kho kho lub pob khawm ntawm TV.
Txawm hais tias luam tawm tuaj yeem tshaj tawm ntau txhiab tus xim, vim tias kev siv cov duab thim xim, qhov ci ntawm qhov xim tsis muaj zog, thiab qee cov xim zoo nkauj tshaj plaws yog nthuav qhia tawm hauv cov ntawv luam. Ntawm qhov tod tes, qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam yog qhov ntau tshaj sau-nplua nuj nyob rau hauv qhov ntau ntawm cov xim qhia vim cov txheej txheem ntawm cov khoom siv xim ntxiv. Qhov no yog vim li cas cov xim zoo nkauj ntawm qhov screen tsis tuaj yeem ua luam tawm los ntawm luam ntawv, ua rau muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov xim ntawm qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam thiab cov luam tawm. Cov tshuaj no yog los txhim kho tus cwj mem thiab daim ntawv xaj kom nws rov tuaj yeem ua rau lub tsho dawb, xim daj, tab sis qhov no tsis yog ib qho kev tshwm sim tawm. Lwm txoj hauv kev yog ua kom cov xim ntawm cov vijtsam ua kom pom zoo rau cov ntawv luam, yog li ntawd qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam pom yog luam tawm.
Qhov sib txawv xim gamut yog qhov siab tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv uas tus ntaus tau ntawv los sis luam xim. Cov xim ntawm lub qhov muag ntawm lub ntsej muag yog qhov muag pom tag nrho. Nyob rau hauv lub wavelength ntau ntawm 380 mus 780, cov xim gamut ntawm luam ntawv yog li ntawm ntawv thiab number case. Cov ntawv sib txawv dua cov ntawv sib tw, thiab muaj ntau yam luam yeeb. Tus sau yog txawv ntawm phau ntawv, thiab Pantone lub xim gamut kuj txawv ntawm DIC. Lwm tus neeg xws li cov ntxaij vab tshaus, luam yeeb, tshuab luam yeeb, thiab lwm yam kuj muaj nyias xim gamut. Nws yog cov tswv yim kom paub cov xim gamut ntawm lub ntaus ntawv vim hais tias ib tug ntaus ntawv tsis sau lossis luam cov xim sab nraum lub gamut. Piv txwv li, tib neeg lub qhov muag pom tsis tau cov xim ntawm infrared lossis X-ray, thiab qee cov neeg muaj peev xwm ua kom txawv xim, xws li ntau xim xim, tab sis nws tsis yooj yim rau cov ntawv sau cia. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws peb tuaj yeem tau txais qhov zoo tshaj yog qhov gamut ntawm ib hom khoom, simulating tus sau ntawm lwm lub tshuab. Yuav ua li cas yuav ua rau tib neeg qhov muag xav hais tias lub gamut xim ntawm ob tug yog zoo li nyob rau hauv simulation txheej txheem yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov xim xim.
Lwm lub tswvyim yog qhov sib txawv. Qhov zoo yog qhov txawv ntawm cov xim sib txawv. Qhov ntau dua qhov sib txawv, qhov ntau dua qhov txawv ntawm ob xim, thiab vice versa. Piv txwv li, duab grayscale yuav ua rau nws qhov sib txawv thiab ua dua dub thiab dawb. Thaum nws raug kho rau cov kev txwv, nws yuav yog cov duab dub thiab dawb. Txwv tsis pub, peb tuaj yeem tau txais ib daim ntaub nplaum txho.
Peb to taub cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov xim, peb yuav tsis raug stunned hauv cov duab ua, thiab nws yuav ua sai thiab ntau dua rau kev kho xim. Lwm lub tswvyim yog qhov sib txawv. Qhov zoo yog qhov txawv ntawm cov xim sib txawv. Qhov ntau dua qhov sib txawv, qhov ntau dua qhov txawv ntawm ob xim, thiab vice versa. Piv txwv li, duab grayscale yuav ua rau nws qhov sib txawv thiab ua dua dub thiab dawb. Thaum nws raug kho rau cov kev txwv, nws yuav yog cov duab dub thiab dawb. Txwv tsis pub, peb tuaj yeem tau txais ib daim ntaub nplaum txho.
Peb to taub cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov xim, peb yuav tsis raug stunned hauv cov duab ua, thiab nws yuav ua sai thiab ntau dua rau kev kho xim.