Daim ntawv qhia kos duab thiab luam tawm rau hauv Digital Environment
Peb yog ib lub lag luam loj hauv Shenzhen Tuam Tshoj. Peb muaj cov phau ntawv luam tawm, phau ntawv nyuaj, phau ntawv luam ntawv, phau ntawv nyuaj, phau ntawv luam tawm, phau ntawv luam tawm, phau ntawv luam tawm, lub thawv ntim, daim qhia ntawv, txhua yam ntawm PVC, cov ntawv luam tawm, ntawv sau cia, hom tshwj xeeb ntawv xim luam tawm khoom, kev ua si cardand li ntawd.
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Daim pheem thib yog ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm, uas yog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv lub teb chaws txoj kev ua lag luam, kev tiv thaiv teb chaws, kev coj noj coj ua thiab kev kawm. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, vim muaj kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov qauv siv digital thiab kev siv digital technology, lub tshav pob ntawm tsab xov xwm tau hloov hauv ntiaj teb kev tuav pov hwm. Qhov zoo thiab qhov ua tau zoo ntawm daim ntawv qhia tau zoo heev. Daim ntawv qhia ua qauv qhia thiab luam tawm haujlwm tau ua los ntawm cov ntawv qhia. Hloov cov qauv.
Ua ntej, tus yam ntxwv ntawm daim ntawv qhia luam tawm
Muab piv rau lwm cov ntaub ntawv luam tawm, cov ntawv luam tawm thiab luam tawm ntawm cov duab kos muaj lawv tus cwj pwm, xws li:
1. Cov ntawv loj loj
Qhov luaj li cas ntawm daim duab no tsis tuaj yeem muab cov khoom faib tawm, raws li tau teev tseg los ntawm qhov kev qhia tawm lossis tsim tawm ntawm tus tsim daim qauv qhia. Piv txwv li, raws li qhov kev qhia ua, daim duab yuav tsum tau ua kom tau raws li lub latitude thiab longitude. Qhov luaj li cas ntawm daim duab qhia txog 60 × 44cm, uas tseem muaj qhov xaus ntawm cov txheej txheem, yog li cov ntawv luam ntawm daim duab loj tshaj txog 75 x 54 cm. Yog tias nws yog ib daim ntawv qhia phab ntsa, daim qauv ntawm tus ncej yuav loj dua: ib txhia yuav tau ua los ntawm ntau cov ntawv thiab ntau ntau daim ntawv. Piv txwv, tus 1: 2 lab "Suav Teb Tag Nrho Duab Daim duab" yog ua los ntawm 9 daim ntawv sau kom tiav. Nws yog ib qho tsis tau pom nyob rau hauv lwm yam ntaub ntawv luam tawm.
2. Cov ntaub ntawv siab tshaj plaws
Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thov ntawm daim ntawv qhia, qee zaus cov ntaub ntawv yog nrhiav tau los ntawm kev xam rau saum daim ntawv qhia los sis lwm daim duab. Yog li ntawd, qhov loj ntawm daim duab hauv daim qauv thiab daim qauv qhia theej yuav tsum nyob rau hauv qhov kev tso cai yuam kev; cov kab thiab cov cim yuav tsum ua raws li cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb. Los yog tsim cov cai; yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias daim ntawv qhia cov ntsiab lus ntawm ob daim ntawv uas nyob ib sab ntawd tuaj yeem yog qhov tseeb. Hauv ntej, cov qauv duab ntawm daim duab qhia tsis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los ntawm luam luam.
3. Sau ib daim duab qhia kev kos duab nyob rau hauv monochrome keeb kwm
Feem ntau ntawm cov duab uas tau muab rau cov ntawv luam tawm thiab luam tawm yog cov qauv qub. Hauv cov txheej txheem luam ntawv, cov neeg ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau xa mus rau cov neeg muab kev pabcuam thiab cov phaj-luam tawm hauv cov duab xim. Vim li no, ntau cov txheej txheem ntxiv rau cov phaj printing ua cov txheej txheem. nyuaj.
4. Kev luam xim
Txawm hais tias daim duab qhia yog monochrome, nws tsis yooj yim siv, thiab feem ntau ntawm nws yog tam sim no luam tawm nyob rau hauv cov xim. Ua ntej xyoo 1964, cov duab loj tshaj plaws, daim qauv luam tawm hauv yim xim: dub, xim av, xim xiav, nruab nrab xiav, lub teeb xiav, txiv kab ntxwv liab, lub ntiaj teb daj, ntsuab, thiab lwm yam .; tom qab xyoo 1964, dub, xim av, xiav, plaub xim xws li ntsuab sau. Lub teb chaws tus qauv hais tias 1: 500,000 topographic maps raug luam tawm rau hauv cov xim; 1: 1 lab cov duab saum toj kawg nkaus yog luam tawm hauv cuaj xim, thiab cov kev npaj lub dav hlau tau luam tawm hauv plaub xim. Cov ntawv pov thawj, cov ntawv cim npe, cov ntawv cim xeeb, cov qauv hauv pob zeb, lwm yam yog siv los ua xim. Nyob rau hauv 1975 tsab, tus 1: 5 lab "Neeg Esxias Daim Ntawv Qhia Txog Geological" siv mus txog 40 xim.
Niaj hnub no daim ntawv qhia luam tawm feem ntau luam tawm nrog plaub yam tshuaj xws li daj, magenta, cyan, thiab dub. Txawm li cas los xij, qee qhov tshwj xeeb txoj cai rau daim ntawv qhia luam tawm yuav tsum muaj lwm cov xim tshwj xeeb xws li ntshav thiab xim av.
5. Hauv kev luam tawm thiab luam tawm, nws yuav tsum kho kho qhov yuam kev thiab txau sij hawm.
Qhov no yog vim hais tias cov ntsiab lus ntawm daim duab qhia yog qhov nyuaj heev, thiab ib txoj kab thiab thawj kab sawv cev txhua yam ntsiab lus. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm phaj ua hauj lwm, ib tug neeg yuam kev thiab omissions yuav inevitably tshwm sim, uas yuav tsum tau raws sij hawm kho thiab kho ntawm daim ntawv qhia nyob rau hauv zaj duab xis los yog lub phaj luam ntawv.
Thib ob, cov duab kos duab thiab daim txheej txheem nthuav tawm
Vim lithographic luam ntawv yog tsim los ntawm photolithography, nws yog ib qho yooj yim los hloov qhov teev thiab ua tau raws li cov cai ntawm daim ntawv qhia luam tawm. Yog li no, daim qauv qhia daim duab thiab cov ntawv luam tiav yog ua tiav los ntawm phau ntawv lithographic printing method. Tus txheej txheem ntawm theem pib muaj nyob hauv Daim Duab 1.
Raws li tau pom los ntawm daim duab saum toj no, hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm cov ntawv qhia kev lag luam thiab kev tshaj tawm, los ntawm tag nrho cov qauv tsim rau kev luam thiab luam ntawv ntawm daim duab, txhua theem pib tshwm hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev lag luam, thiab txhua txoj kev lag luam yog sib cais. Kev koom tes nrog kev koom tes thiab kev lag luam. Qhov no zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem ntau lawm yog lub sij hawm siv thiab muaj teeb meem thiab muaj cumbersome heev. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, vim muaj txoj kev ua li no, nws nyuaj heev rau kev hloov kho thiab hloov txoj haujlwm yog tias nws yog thawj zaug los yog tom qab kev hloov kho, thiab qhov zoo ntawm qhov khoom yuav raug cuam tshuam los ntawm tus neeg teb xov tooj.
Thib peb, digital daim duab kos duab thiab luam txheej txheem
Nrog rau kev qhia txog computer science thiab technology hauv thaj tsam ntawm daim ntawv qhia daim ntawv qhia thiab daim ntawv qhia tshaj tawm, thiab kev ua kom tas mus li ntawm daim duab qhia kev kos duab thiab txoj kev, nws yog tam sim no ua tau kom tiav cov txheej txheem saum toj no hauv computer qhov chaw. Tom qab tsim muaj ntau daim ntawv teev qhia databases, yuav kom muab tag nrho cov kev ua si rau lub luag haujlwm ntawm daim ntawv qhia database, nws tsim nyog yuav tau txais kev ua haujlwm tshiab thiab cov txheej txheem los ua kom tiav cov kev tsim thiab hloov tshiab ntawm cov duab, txoj kev digitization thiab modernization. Daim ntawv qhia kos duab thiab luam tawm rau hauv Digital Environment
Tshaj tawm txog kev siv technology, nrog rau kev tsim cov tshuab computer, kev siv technology thiab laser technology hauv lub xyoo 1980s, muaj cov xim digital publishing tsim tawm, uas pom tau tias muaj leap los ntawm analog publishing rau digital publishing. Cov digital thawj daim duab luam tawm los ntawm daim ntawv qhia yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, nrog cov hluav taws xob luam tawm raws li kev khiav hauj lwm lub platform, uas ua ke ntawm cov duab kos thiab daim ntawv luam tawm ntau compact. Daim ntawv qhia cov ntaub ntawv tawm tswv yim, daim ntawv qhia tsim, daim ntawv qhia npaj, kev tsim layout, pab pawg neeg layout thiab lwm cov txheej txheem tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm lub koos pis tawj, uas ua rau cov ntawv qhia thiab cov txheej txheem publishing ntawm daim pheem thib zoo heev.
Tam sim no, peb feem ntau siv daim ntawv qhia cov kev qhia tawm thiab cov txheej xwm publishing muaj ob qhov loj: kho vajtse thiab software. Cov cuab yeej cuab tam yeej muaj cov duab, cov khoom siv cuab yeej tawm tswv yim, khoos phis tawj, cov duab tso tawm, thiab cov zoo li. Raws li qhia hauv daim duab 2.
Cov duab kos duab thiab cov duab tso tawm muaj xws li xuas tes nrhiav cov neeg dig muag, cov ntaub ntawv loj tshaj plaws, kev sojntsuam xyuas, cov kws tshuaj, cov nas lub computer, thiab cov twj keyboards. Lub koos pis tawj yog ib qho microcomputer lossis ib lub chaw ua haujlwm. Cov twj tso kua mis tso tawm xws li cov hom loj inkjet plotters, cov twj tso zis tso rau hauv laser, laser printers, digital presses, thiab cov zoo li.
Lub software ntawm daim duab cov duab kos thiab qhov kev tshaj tawm muaj xws li kev khiav hauj lwm qhov system, ntaus tsav tsheb thiab interface software, network sib txuas lus software, thiab digital daim ntawv tsim khoom software. Cov tub ntxhais ntawm nws yog daim duab qhia kev tsim khoom software, nrog rau vector daim ntawv qhia daim ntawv software, raster daim ntawv qhia kev lag luam software, DEM tsim software, nraaj tsim thiab tso zis software, cov zauv thiab daim qhia kev hauv electronic software. Peb siv ntau InterStation MicroStation; MapInfo ntawm MapInfo, USA; MapGis ntawm Tuam Tshoj University of Geosciences. Daim duab 3 yog txoj kev khiav dej num ntawm cov duab kos duab thiab luam tawm.
Raws li tau pom los ntawm daim duab saum toj no, nrog kev tsim cov tshuab computer, database technology thiab electronic publishing technology, daim duab kos duab thiab luam tawm tau hloov los ntawm kev ua haujlwm phau ntawv rau tag nrho cov hom kev lag luam, ntev npaum li cov xim tawm cov xim tawm los ntawm laser imagesetter Tom qab luam ntawv tsis tu ncua thiab luam ntawv, ib daim npav tuaj yeem tau txais. Txawm tias cov ntawv qhia yam khoom yuav xa ncaj qha los ntawm CTP (Digital Direct Press lossis Digital Direct Plate Machine).
Plaub, digital daim ntawv qhia thiab publishing zoo
Muab piv nrog cov qauv ntawv sau thiab cov ntawv luam tawm, cov ntawv qhia cov ntawv qhia tau zoo tshaj qhov tshaj tawm:
1. Cov duab kos cov duab tau yooj yim yog khaws cia thiab tsis yooj yim deformed thaum lub sij hawm cia, uas ua rau kev txhim kho qhov tseeb ntawm daim duab qhia.
2. Daim duab qhia cov duab ua kom yooj yim rau kev hloov kho, hloov kho thiab hloov tshiab thaum lub sij hawm tsim cov txheej txheem, thiab muab tau ntxiv thiab hloov kho daim ntawv qhia raws li tus neeg siv yuav tsum txhim kho qhov kev sib haum xeeb, kev ua tau thiab tus neeg siv kev sib txuas ntawm daim pheem thib.
3. Kev sib xyaw ntawm cov daim ntawv qhia kev ua qauv qhia thiab kev tshaj tawm yuav ua rau cov neeg tsav tsheb ua haujlwm tsis ntev, txo cov voj voog, txuag khoom thiab txo nqi. Cov txheej txheem cumbersome ntawm kev tsim daim qauv qhia, daim ntawv qhia compilation, photocopying, pirating, dispensing, luam, tearing, thiab netting muaj ua ke hauv computer. Rau cov me me ntawm daim ntawv qhia, nws ua tau los ntawm inkjet luam ntawv lossis digital luam ntawv, uas yog sai dua thiab pheej yig dua.
4. Yooj yim thiab hloov tau. Rau cov ntsiab lus hloov tau hloov, kev lag luam hauv tshuab computer yooj yim heev.
5. Nce ntau ntau daim duab thiab nthuav dav cov kev pabcuam. Cov kev qhia txog kev siv digital yuav siv tau los tsim ntau yam khoom siv hauv xov tooj, thiab tsim cov duab thaij duab sib txawv thiab daim duab qhia peb sab.
6. Tshaj tawm rau kev sib txuas lus sib txuas, sib txuas ntawm qhov chaw, kev xav tau luam tawm. Hauv particular, thaum daim ntawv qhia yuav tsum muaj nyob rau hauv wartime, qhov tseeb daim ntawv qhia cov ntaub ntawv thiab daim ntawv qhia ceev daim qauv siv los luam tawm thiab luam daim qauv nyob rau ntawm lub sijhawm thiab sai sai, kom ua tau raws li cov kev cai ntawm kev ua tsov rog niaj hnub siv rau hauv cov duab sab nrauv.
Thib tsib, Xaus
Cov daim ntawv qhia txog kev ua qauv thiab kev tshaj tawm yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov kev ruaj ntseg. Nws kev khiav dej num thiab kev khiav dej num, txawm hais txog yav dhau los, tam sim no thiab yav tom ntej, yog ib qho uas tsis muaj tseeb thiab tsis meej pem. Nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam ua digital, nrog kev sib koom ua daim ntawv qhia thiab kev tshaj tawm technology, peb yuav tsum ua zoo nyob hauv kev sib sau ua haujlwm, tshawb nrhiav cov teebmeem tshiab, thiab ua peb daim ntawv qhia kev ua qauv thiab kev tsim cov kev tshaj tawm hauv kev xav tau ntawm kev tiv thaiv teb chaws kev tsim kho thiab kev tsim kho lub tebchaws.