Guangdong Province: Txheej txheem tshwj xeeb txhawb nqa kev lag luam loj hlob ntawm lub ntiaj teb thib peb loj tshaj plaws luam ntawv
Peb yog ib lub lag luam loj hauv Shenzhen Tuam Tshoj. Peb muaj cov phau ntawv luam tawm, phau ntawv nyuaj, phau ntawv luam ntawv, phau ntawv nyuaj, phau ntawv luam tawm, phau ntawv luam tawm, phau ntawv luam tawm, lub thawv ntim, daim qhia ntawv, txhua yam ntawm PVC, cov ntawv luam tawm, ntawv sau cia, hom tshwj xeeb ntawv xim luam tawm khoom, kev ua si cardand li ntawd.
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Kev tsim qauv yog kev ua kom muaj zog rau txoj kev lag luam luam tawm hauv nroog Guangdong
Kev tsim qauv yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam hauv kev ua lag luam, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev ua lag luam kev ywj pheej muaj peev xwm tsim tau, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tswj hwm kev lag luam kev ua lag luam, thiab qhov chaw tseem ceeb thiab kev ua haujlwm hauv txoj kev lag luam. Lub ntiaj teb nyiaj txiag muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm American subprime mortgage crisis thaum kawg ntawm xyoo tas los ua luam printing hauv Guangdong, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lub lag luam thiab kho kom zoo nkauj luam ntawv, ntsib teeb meem unprecedented. Qhov kev txiav txim ntawm ntim thiab kho kom zoo nkauj luam ntawv feem ntau poob los ntawm ntau tshaj 20-30%. Qee cov tuam txhab luam ntawv muaj me me, kev tswj kev ua lag luam, kev siv cuab yeej thim rov qab thiab kev coj tsis zoo siv tsis tuaj yeem tswj thiab muaj thim tawm ntawm kev ua lag luam. Txawm li cas los xij, cov lag luam nrog cov loj loj, kev tswj zoo, cov cuab yeej technology thiab cov khoom siv, thiab cov txheej txheem nruj siv tsis tau tsuas yog ua tsis tau, tiam sis kuj muaj qee lub lag luam. Tshiab tsim tau kuj tau ua, thiab lub polarization ntawm kev lag luam tau sawv. Cov teebmeem no yuav tsum tau txais kev lag luam ntawm Guangdong mus ceev cov qauv ntawm kev lag luam, thiab nws kuj ua tiav cov lus hais tias "thawj-lub lag luam ua cov qauv, cov chaw ua lag luam thib ob ua cov npe, peb lub lag luam muag lag luam". Keeb kwm thiab kev xyaum muaj dua ib zaug ua pov thawj tias leej twg muab qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tsim qauv kev tsim qauv yuav muaj kev tawm tswv yim hauv kev ua lag luam kev sib tw, thiab leej twg yuav los ua tus neeg tau txais txiaj ntsim loj tshaj.
I. Lus qhia txog kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam luam tawm Guangdong
Nyob rau 30 xyoo dhau los ntawm kev txhim kho thiab qhib, nyob rau hauv kev taw qhia ntawm General Administration ntawm Xovxwm thiab Ntawv Tshaj Tawm, nyob rau hauv cov thawj coj ntawm Guangdong Provincial Party Committee thiab Tsoom Fwv Tsoom Fwv, nyob rau hauv txoj cai kev taw qhia ntawm Guangdong txoj kev tsim kho ntawm ib lub nroog loj thiab lub "Pearl River Delta" thoob ntiaj teb luam ntawv, nrog rau cheeb tsam kev lag luam. Txoj kev vam meej thiab kev loj hlob ntawm Guangdong, luam tawm kev lag luam nyob rau hauv Guangdong tau dhau leaping rau pem hauv ntej, thiab lub zog ntawm txoj kev ua lag luam tau nyob rau hauv cov thawj ntawm lub teb chaws. Nws tau ua rau lub ntiaj teb thib peb loj tshaj plaws ntawm kev lag luam thiab muaj ib txoj hauj lwm tseem ceeb thiab ua dej num hauv lub tebchaws thiab lub ntiaj teb. Nws yog kev lag luam, kev coj noj coj ua, kev coj noj coj ua thiab Ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim kho.
Raws li cov ntaub ntawv, xyoo 1978 ua ntej txoj kev txhim kho thiab qhib, muaj tsawg tshaj li 1,000 luam ntawv cov tuam txhab hauv Guangdong. Tag nrho cov zis nqi ntawm kev lag luam luam tsuas yog 1.12 billion yuan. Tom qab ntau tshaj 30 xyoo ntawm txoj kev loj hlob, los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm 2008, muaj 18,883 luam ntawv hauv lub xeev. Txog 18% ntawm lub teb chaws tag nrho. Nws muab 846,685 cov hauj lwm rau zej zog; tag nrho cov zis nqi ntawm kev lag luam luam yog 137.8 billion yuan, accounting rau 1/4 ntawm tib yam kev lag luam hauv lub teb chaws, accounting rau ntau tshaj li 85% ntawm tag nrho cov khoom tso tawm ntawm lub xeev cov xov xwm thiab luam tawm kev lag luam. Kev lag luam tawm txawv teb chaws thiab luam tawm tau tsim ib qho kev tso tawm ntawm ntau dua 42 billion yuan, qeb duas hauv lub teb chaws. Cov xov tooj ntawm cov khoom siv high-technology, high-end thiab high-end yog qhov siab tshaj plaws hauv lub tebchaws. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv "Hong Kong Printing", lub cheeb tsam lub npe nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb luam tawm tau nce ntawm qhov chaw thib plaub hauv xyoo 2005 mus rau qhov chaw thib peb hauv 2006, ib qho ntawm cov cheeb tsam pheej loj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb, tsim kaum haiv neeg. Thawj txuj ci tseem ceeb.
2, kev tsim kho kev tsim kho tau nce lub lag luam thiab kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam luam hauv Guangdong
Kev tsim qauv yog kev ua kom muaj zog rau txoj kev lag luam luam tawm hauv nroog Guangdong. Kev txhim kho keeb kwm ntawm kev lag luam luam tawm hauv Guangdong yog ib qho txheej txheem ntawm kev sib hloov tag nrho-thoob nrog cov qauv thoob ntiaj teb. Nws kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib txuas lus tseem ceeb rau cov qauv, mob siab siv cov txheej txheem, thiab koom rau hauv kev tsim cov qauv. Kev tsim kho kev lag luam luam tawm hauv Guangdong feem ntau yog ua tiav ntawm peb theem.
Ua ntej, ntawm tsoomfwv qib siab, nws yog npaj rau kev ua si rau lub luag haujlwm ntawm tsoomfwv. Tsim tus qauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm "kev qhia ntawm tsoom fwv, kev lag luam ua lag luam, kev taw qhia kom enterprise, thiab kev koom tes ntawm txhua tog neeg". Raws li lub peev xwm tswj hwm ntawm tsoom fwv, cov Guangdong Provincial Xovxwm thiab Ntawv Tshaj Tawm yuav txhawb qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev lag luam. Nyob rau ntau theem ntawm txoj kev lag luam, nws tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab qhia raws sij hawm cov kev cai thiab kev ntsuas los txhawb kev lag luam kev ua qauv, thiab nquag cob qhia cov xovxwm thiab cov ntawv xov xwm thoob plaws hauv lub xeev. Lub koom haum muab kev txhawb zog thiab kev pabcuam rau cov tuam txhab thiab cov khoom tsis muaj kev vam meej los txhim kho tus txheej txheem ntawm kev lag luam luam.
Txhim kho cov qauv kev lag luam ua lag luam nrog rau cov qauv thoob ntiaj teb. Nyob rau thaum ntxov xyoo 1990, raws li qhov tseeb tias "peb mus rau ib qho ntxiv" cov luam ntawv tau tawg paj nyob txhua qhov chaw hauv Guangdong, lub xeev Xov Xwm thiab Ntawv Tshaj Lij yuav tau ua tiav cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev tswj cov kev cai tswj raws li Standardization Laws. Qhov tshwj xeeb yog muab tso rau ntawm cov kev ua haujlwm rau kev lag luam luam, kev qhia cov cuab yeej, kev hloov technology, kev qhia neeg ua haujlwm, thiab kev tswj cov khoom lag luam. Nws yog txwv tsis pub qhia tawm txawv teb chaws thiab khoom siv rau hauv lub npe ntawm attracting peev, txwv tsis pub qhia txog kev lag luam luam kev lag luam uas pollutes qhov chaw, thiab kev txhim kho cov chaw pib rau cov nyiaj, khoom siv, chaw ua haujlwm thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm thaum tsim cov ntawv luam tawm kev lag luam. Sim ua kom ncaj rau cov txheej txheem thoob ntiaj teb thaum pib.
Txhim kho cov txheej txheem technology thiab cuab yeej siv raws li cov qauv thoob ntiaj teb. Raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm kev lag luam luam, Lub Nroog Xov Xwm thiab Ntawv Tshawb Fawb Ntawv nthuav meej meej rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tsim kho "Pearl River Delta International Printing Base" nyob rau hauv "Lub Pem Hauv Ntej tsib Thoob" txoj kev txhim kho, thiab qhia cov qauv rau kev saws me nyuam ntawm cov khoom siv rau kev luam ntawv. "Siv cov txheej txheem kev tsim cov qauv thiab kev txhim kho cov haujlwm ntawm kev lag luam" los txhawb txoj kev hloov kho thiab kev tsim kho tshiab ntawm kev lag luam luam, txhawb kom cov luam ntawv lag luam luam tawm cov ntaub ntawv hloov, txhawb kom cov tuam txhab ua kom paub cov cuab yeej cuab tam thiab cov cuab yeej siv, thiab txhawb kom cov tuam txhab ua raws li cov lus qhia ntawm tsoom fwv. Nce qhov kev siv ntawm kev siv khoom thiab cov khoom luam ntawv. Tsav los ntawm tsoomfwv txoj kev tswj hwm, Guangdong xeev muaj lub ntiaj teb zoo tshaj plaws ntawm ntau cov khoom luam tawm, thiab cov khoom siv siab, tshiab thiab ntse luam ntawv yeej ib txwm yog nyob rau ntawm lub hauv ntej ntawm lub teb chaws. Raws li lub Cuaj Hlis 2008, Guangdong tau muaj 648 ntawm cov kabmob "computer-to-plate" CTP, accounting rau tus thawj hauv lub tebchaws, thiab cov khoom siv luam yeeb ua tiav rau ntau tshaj 60% ntawm lub tebchaws. Guangdong Pearl River Delta luam tawm cov tuam txhab, nrog cov khoom siv tshuab luam ntawv advanced tshuab thiab cov txheej txheem siv technology, tau ua ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev ua haujlwm rau Tuam Tshoj txoj kev luam tawm. Raws li statistics, Pearl River Delta luam tawm kev lag luam muaj ze li ntawm 100 Suav nto npe hom khoom, Pearl River Delta luam tawm. Lub tuam txhab twb yog tus muag khoom ntawm cov khoom xws li "Phau Vajlugkub" hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas, cov phau ntawv ntawm Jianqiao thiab Oxford.
Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Dongguan thiab lwm yam luam tawm lag luam luam tau tsim cov "Kev Txheej Txheem Standardization rau Kev Siv Cov Txheej Txheem Standardization". Nyob rau hauv 2008, Shenzhen Municipality tshaj tawm cov "Kev ntsuas rau kev siv ntawm Cov Qauv Siv Nyiaj Txiag", uas pab nyiaj rau cov neeg ua haujlwm, cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab cov dej num koom nrog hauv kev ua haujlwm. Nyob rau hauv 2009, lub Zej Zog Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab Kev Tshawb Fawb Bureau tau tsim cov kev tshawb fawb, uas tshwj xeeb yog formulated lub "Shenzhen Printing Industry Standardization Strategy thiab Countermeasures", thiab npaj kom muab cov khoom luam tawm kev lag luam, cov nom tswv hauv zej zos, cov kev tshawb fawb, cov koom haum thiab lwm cov kev pab ua ke txhawb kev ntaus nqi. .
Thib ob, ntawm cov tuam txhab theem, tsom siab rau kev ua si rau lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub tuam txhab. Raws li "lub koom haum luam ntawv hauv lub ntiaj teb", kev lag luam luam tawm nyob rau hauv Guangdong muaj ib xyoos ib zaug ntawm tag nrho cov zis luam tawm ntawm lub xeev. Cov neeg muas zaub yog nyob hauv ntau tshaj 50 lub teb chaws thiab cheeb tsam nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb, thiab cov neeg sib txawv ntawm cov neeg muaj nyob rau cov khoom. Cov txheej txheem technology thiab kev zoo muaj txawv cov qauv thiab cov kev cai. Yuav kom ua tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm cov neeg yuav khoom thiab zoo dua tshawb xyuas cov kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb, cov lag luam sib to taub txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev luam ntawv hauv kev sib tw hauv kev sib txuam thoob ntiaj teb, muaj kev xav tau ceev tshaj plaws rau kev luam ntawv, thiab muaj kev koom tes nrog kev xav tau kev tswj hwm kev lag luam. Nyob rau hauv txoj kab kev lag luam nrog kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov tuam txhab tsim khoom lag luam xa tawm uas ua haujlwm thoob ntiaj teb kev lag luam, feem ntau ntawm lawv tau tsim systems thiab mechanisms uas tau tshaj thoob ntiaj teb cov qauv (ISO), thiab kev cog lus thiab tsim muaj ntau qhov chaw thoob ntiaj teb pom zoo, , thiab kev tswj hwm. Cov tswv yim txiv neej tau muab kev txhawb nqa rau kev tsim ntawm "Sau rau hauv Guangdong" kev lag luam hom. Standardization tau tsim txoj kev lag luam saj cov tsos, thiab nws kuj tau nce luam cov lag luam luam tawm ntawm cov khoom luam tawm hauv Guangdong los ntawm 10 billion yuan hauv peb lub xyoo dhau los.
Qee cov kev lag luam luam tawm hauv Guangdong tau koom tes hauv kev kho cov qauv kev lag luam. Suav ua lag luam, Yachang, Heshan Yatu Shi, Jinjia Group thiab Shenzhen Xingguang Printing Group thiab lwm cov koom tes koom tes nrog rau Lub Tebchaws Luam Standardis Standardization Technical Committee los tsim kom muaj kev sib tw luam tawm, koom nrog kev txhim kho thiab kev txhim kho cov qauv kev luam, thiab cog cov txuj ci tsim nyog rau kev luam ntawv thoob teb chaws. Qhov ua rau pab cuam. Lub National Printing Standardization Technical Committee tau ua tiav los ntawm "Lub Tebchaws Ntiaj Teb thiab Kev Txhim Kho Kev Sam Thoob Ntiaj Teb thiab Kev Tshaj Tawm Txhim Kho Hauv Tebchaws", "National Package and Printing Standardization Research and Technology Promotion Base" thiab "Lub Tebchaws Thoob Ntiaj Teb Raw Luam Ntawv Kev Xeem Ntawv thiab Tshaj Taw".
Qhov thib peb , nyob rau theem ntawm kev lag luam koom haum, tsom mus rau lub luag hauj lwm ntawm kev lag luam koom haum. Lub Koom Haum Ua Haujlwm Luam Tsoom thiab Lub Koom Haum Kev Lag Luam muab cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb ua nyob thoob plaws hauv lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev tsim qauv luam tawm txhua lub xyoo, nquag plias nyob rau ntawm cov qauv ntawm kev tsim qauv, thiab koom tes nrog cov txheej txheem kev tsim cov qauv, luam cov qauv, high-tech, standardization, thiab ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm. Txhim kho txoj kev lag luam. Lub koom haum Shenzhen Printing Industry Association thiab Shenzhen Cov Haujlwm Vocational thiab Technical College tau muab cov ntaub ntawv xa mus rau National Standardization Management Committee, thiab tau pib ua haujlwm ntawm National Securities Standard Committee phau ntawv luam thiab ntim luam tawm sub-technical committee. Tam sim no, pawg neeg tshaj lij rau kev luam ntawm cov phau ntawv thiab cov caij nyoog raug tiav lawm, thiab pawg neeg ua haujlwm rau kev ntim thiab luam ntawv yog tsim kho.
Xyoo 2007, cov koom haum hauv lub xeev thiab cov koom haum koom tes tau koom tes nrog cov tuam txhab lag luam thiab koom tes nrog rau "Cov Qauv Ntawm Kev Ua Haujlwm Ntawm Cov Ua Haujlwm Sib Hlis", "Cov Kev Siv Tshuaj Xyuas Kev Xim Xim Muag Khoom Thoob Tuam Lag Luam Khoom Ua Lag Luam" thiab "Cov Kev Siv Rau Ntsuam Xyuas Cov Kev Siv Cov Me Nyuam Phau Ntawv Ua Lag Luam ". Ua haujlwm tawm. Tom qab ob xyoos ntawm kev ua haujlwm, xyoo 2009, cov kev lis kev cai tsuas yog siv tus qauv "ib tus qauv thiab ob yam" uas tau ua los ntawm Guangdong xeev tau tso cai rau cov neeg txawj ntse. Txhua tus neeg ntseeg hais tias qhov kev tsim ntawm kev lis kev cai tib tus qauv rau "ib tus qauv thiab ob lub ntsiab lus" yuav txhawb nqa Cov menyuam kawm ntawv kev noj qab haus huv, cov ntawv luam xim thiab cov menyuam phau ntawv kev lag luam nyob hauv Suav teb.
3, sib zog los txhawb txoj kev tsim kho tus qauv kev ua haujlwm
Yuav kom tsim lub Pearl River Delta International Printing Base, Guangdong yuav tsum ua kom tiav cov kev lag luam ntawm Pearl River Delta luam tawm kev lag luam thiab muab sib piv nrog cov neeg zej zog txog kev siv tshuab, kev tswj thiab kev txawj ntse. Tag nrho cov ntsiab lus no tsis tuaj yeem sib cais los ntawm kev sib tw. Tam sim no, txawm tias Guangdong xeev twb yog ib lub xeev luam ntawv, nws yuav tsum txhawb nws txoj kev koom tes hauv cov qauv kev qhia, cov qauv kev siv, thiab cov qauv kev tshaj tawm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv kev koom tes hauv kev ua qauv ua thoob ntiaj teb. Lub Guangdong Provincial Xov Xwm thiab Ntawv Tshawb Fawb Bureau tau ib txwm tsom rau kev tsim cov neeg rau kev lag luam luam tawm. Kev txhawb cov ntawv luam tawm yuav yog ib qho ntawm peb cov hauj lwm tseem ceeb yav tom ntej.
Ua ntej, peb yuav tsum txhim kho lub hauv paus thiab txoj haujlwm kom tsim tau ib qho chaw ua haujlwm zoo. Ua kom pom tseeb txog kev tsim kom muaj kev sib haum xeeb ntawm R & D thiab cov qauv kev cai, uas yog tsim los ntawm kev ua lag luam, uas yog lub tswv yim tsim qauv thiab kev ntsuas kev ua haujlwm, sib pauv mechanism. Ib qho teeb meem tshiab hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm, kev tso siab rau txhua tog neeg, tag nrho lawv tes dej num, thiab sib koom tes sib zog.
Qhov ob, peb yuav tsum tau qhia txog tus txheej xwm ntawm cov neeg ua lag luam. Npaj tsim cov kev cai los txhawb cov tuamtsev kom dhau los ua tus qauv loj ntawm tus qauv R & D thiab cov kev ua ubno tshiab, thiab tsom rau kev tsim cov kevcai txhawb kevcai xws li kev txhawb kev sib txuas lus ntawm kev tsim qauv nrog "kev tsim, kev kawm thiab kev tshawb nrhiav" thiab kev siv technology, , thiab txhawb cov tuam txhab kom nce cov peev hauv kev ua haujlwm. Koom rau hauv qhov kev siv ntawm kev hloov kho txhua theem. Los ntawm kev khwv nyiaj txiag, kev cai lij choj, kev tswj hwm thiab lwm yam txhais tau tias, peb yuav maj mam paub qhov kev hloov ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev sib tw ua haujlwm ntawm tsoom fwv qib siab mus rau cov lag luam.
Qhov peb, peb yuav tsum tsom kwm rau kev txhim kho kev tsim kho ntawm pawg pab pawg. Txhim kho tus qauv kev sib txuas lus thiab kev tshaj tawm hauv txhua theem, ua kom paub txog kev sib tw ntawm cov pej xeem, thiab ua kom muaj kev kawm zoo rau kev kawm, cov qauv kawm, thiab cov qauv hauv zej tsoom. Cultivate standardized professional talents, cog ib pab pawg neeg ntawm kev txawj ntse theem siab, thiab tsim kom muaj ib pab pawg neeg ntawm cov neeg txawj ntse nrog ntau theem kom tau raws li kev xav tau kev txhim kho.
Qeb plaub, peb yuav tsum txhim kho cov nyiaj tau los pov hwm. Ua si rau lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov nyiaj txiag rau pej xeem, nce nyiaj txhawb pab rau kev tsim kho, thiab txhawb kev tshawb fawb, kev tsim, thiab kev ua raws li cov kev cai los ntawm kev siv nyiaj tshwj xeeb thiab cov kev saib xyuas nyiaj txiag. Txhim kho tsoomfwv cov nyiaj txiag, kev lag luam, cov lag luam thiab lwm cov tswv yim, thiab koom tes txhawb cov nyiaj txiag tiv thaiv mechanism rau kev tsim kho.
Thib tsib, peb yuav tsum txhawb kom muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog lwm tus. Kev lag luam luam tawm nyob rau hauv Guangdong, Hong Kong thiab Macao muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj kev sib raug zoo hauv kev luam ntawv kev soj ntsuam, luam tawm cov qauv kev lag luam, luam tawm high-tech, hluav taws xob txuag thiab emission txo, ntsuab printing, luam kev lag luam, thiab lwm yam. Nws yuav tsum hais tias kev lag luam luam tawm Guangdong yuav yog yav tom ntej. Ib qho tshiab ntawm kev tsim kho tshiab yuav tshwm sim hauv peb mus rau tsib xyoos, thiab Pearl River Delta cheeb tsam, nrog rau Hong Kong thiab Macao, yuav tsum ceev kom dhau los ua luam tawm thoob ntiaj teb.
Lub rooj sib tham luam tawm kev luam ntawv no coj los ua ke ua cov qauv zoo ntawm cov kws ua dej num thoob ntiaj teb thiab domestic, uas yog hais txog kev tsim qauv ntawm lub koom haum, cov qauv kev tsim, kev siv tus qauv thiab kev nce qib, tus qauv tsim, thiab lwm yam ntxiv, nthuav tawm txoj kev xav thiab kev loj hlob rau peb kom ua tiav cov qauv ua haujlwm. Lub zeem muag. Nws ntseeg tias qhov kev txhim kho kev txhim kho no yuav tob zuj zus rau kev lag luam kev nkag siab thiab kev nkag siab txog kev tsim qauv thiab txhawb kev loj hlob ntxiv ntawm Tuam Tshoj txoj kev luam ntawv kev lag luam.