Puas yog biodegradable plastics lub terminator ntawm dawb paug? Nws zoo nkaus li nyuaj rau lub sijhawm
Nyob rau lub xyoo pua puv 19, Asmeskas tshuab luam ntawv Hayt rov ua qhov kev sim tom qab pom qhov nqi zog rau pom kev hloov pauv rau kaus ntxhw, thiab pom tias cov khoom uas tau los ntawm kev ntxiv camphor rau nitrocellulose yog ib qho nyuaj tab sis tsis nkig, thiab tuaj yeem ua rau ntau cov duab ntawm yuav. Nws sau cov khoom siv no" Celluloid Nitrate", uas yog cov yas hluavtaws ua ntej tshaj plaws hauv tib neeg keeb kwm. Xyoo 1907, Asmeskas kev ua kom zoo Baekeland paub txog cov khoom cua tshuaj hluavtaws polymer polymer cov khoom, uas tau qhib qhov kev txiav ua ntej rau daim ntawv thov ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws polymer yas los ntawm noob neej. Lo lus yas yog muab los ntawm Greek lo lus" plastikos", uas txhais tau tias yog ib qho tshuaj moulded rau hauv ib qho zoo lawm.
Nyob rau lub sijhawm ib nrab xyoo dhau los, cov kev tawm ntawm cov yas tau ntxiv ntau dua 20 zaug. Lawv yog cov sib dua thiab siv tau ntev, nrog tus nqi qis thiab muaj cov haujlwm sib txawv, thiab dhau los ua cov khoom lag luam ubiquitous. Yas hneev yog pom nyob rau txhua lub ces kaum ntawm lub ntiaj teb, suav nrog qhov tob tshaj plaws ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv, lub ncov siab tshaj plaws ntawm Mount Everest, thiab cov kaus mom khov nab kuab.
Cov yas yog qhov nyuaj rau ua kom puas thiab ua mob ib puag ncig. Nws puas tuaj yeem hloov pauv cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj khoom kom nws thiaj li nws yuav poob qis rau qee qhov xwm txheej ib puag ncig tom qab nws tau muab pov tseg? Biodegradable plastics yog vim li ntawd mas tau nrhiav tom qab thiab muaj kev cia siab rau tso rau. Tab sis tuaj yeem hloov biodegradable plasma kho cov pa phem yas?
Xu Zhonghua, tus lwm thawj coj ntawm R& D Asia ntawm Fabkis Pab Pawg Tag Nrho thiab Tus Thawj Tswm Saib Xyuas Kev Tshawb Fawb ntawm Tag Nrho Tuam Tshoj, ntseeg hais tias qhov kev tshaj tawm loj ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua lag luam bio-uas muaj kev tiv thaiv tam sim no tsis muaj tseeb. Hauv kev xam phaj nrog The Paper, nws tau hais tias ntev lub sijhawm, peb tseem yuav tsum cia siab rau cov khoom lag luam yas yas.
GG quot; Qhov uas yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej rau kev txhawb nqa ntawm kev siv ntawm lub plhaws xyoob yog qhov yuav tsum tau muab ua ntej rau kev ruaj ntseg zaub mov. Ntxiv nrog rau lo lus nug ntawm qhov twg cov ntaub ntawv raw khoom los ntawm, tus nqi them nqi ntawm cov xyoob ntoo yas qis dua uas tseem muaj siab dua li cov uas ib txwm muaj. Lub thev naus laus zis ntawm cov pa roj av ua kom muaj kev puas tsuaj tau txuas ntxiv Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm ntawm kev tsim kho tshiab, peb yuav tsum ntxiv dag zog rau kev rov ua dua tshiab thiab rov qab siv cov kab lis kev cai qub, muab kev ua si tag nrho rau lawv cov nqi, thiab maj mam hloov mus rau ib puag ncig hauv kev txhim kho txoj hauv kev." Xu Zhonghua tau hais.
Yas biodegradable, cov terminator ntawm yas muaj kuab paug?
Cov yas khib nyiab twg los? Cov hnab ev khoom thiab lub hnab ntim khoom rau kev xaj online, daim kab xev thiab lub ncoo rau hauv lub thawv nthuav qhia, thiab cov khoom sib xyaw yas hauv cov dej da dej gel yog txhua qhov tsim tawm hauv ntau ntau hauv txhua lub sijhawm. Kev kis thoob ntiaj teb ntawm cov kab mob yas tshiab tau nthuav tawm sai li sai tau ntawm qhov kev thov rau plastics. Cov qhov ncauj qhov ntswg uas tsis huv, tiv thaiv khaub ncaws, hnab looj tes, thiab ntim sab nraud ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj ntxuav uas neeg nyiam muaj nyob txhua qhov chaw.
Feem ntau cov pob txha ua raws li cov plooj av tsis tuaj yeem ua paug, uas txhais tau tias lawv yuav muaj cov xwm txheej nyob rau ntau pua lossis ntau txhiab xyoo. Pib xyoo 1980s, cov kws tshawb fawb pib kawm seb cov yas puas yuav ua paug thiab ploj mus los ntawm cov kab mob ntawm cov kab mob me me hauv ib puag ncig uas muaj cov kab mob me. Polylactic acid (PLA) cov khoom lag luam tau txais los ntawm cov qoob loo xws li pob kws yog tam sim no muaj kev vam meej tshaj plaws cov khoom lag luam bio-raws kev ua kom tsis zoo. Raws li nws tau siv cov khoom siv xyoob tag nrho, PLA ua kom rov ua dua tshiab thiab hloov pauv tau. Nws tuaj yeem rov qab siv cov thev naus laus zis los yog tshuaj, lossis qee kis, siv chiv los ntawm kev tso chiv.
Ntxiv rau qhov paub tias tus kheej ntawm cov roj muaj roj thiab cov roj loj ntau, Total tau nkag mus rau thaj chaw ntawm cov khoom siv roj av xau thiab cov khoom siv roj av sai heev. Xyoo 2007, Tag Nrho thiab Galactic tsim kev sib koom tes sib koom tes Futerro hauv Belgium los tshawb txog kev siv cov khoom siv cog qoob loo tshiab los tsim PLA bioplastics. Xyoo 2018, Total thiab nws tus khub Dutch Corbion tau tsim lub cog PLA hauv Thaib teb los tsim cov khoom lag luam cog qoob loo siv cov txiv kab hluav taws xob tsis yog GMO kab tsib ua cov khoom siv raw. Lub tsob nroj muaj peev txheej txhua xyoo ntawm 75,000 tons, ua rau nws ua qhov thib ob loj tshaj plaws PLA cog hauv lub ntiaj teb.
Tag Nrho' s PLA cog hauv Thaib teb siv cov khoom noj tsis-GMO cov kab tsib ua cov khoom siv los tsim cov av xyoob ntoo. Yees duab los ntawm Tag Nrho
Raws li Xu Zhonghua, muaj ntau txoj kev qhia kev txhim kho rau cov yas uas tsis zoo: Ntxiv rau PLA uas tuaj yeem ua kom tiav cov pa roj carbon dioxide thiab dej nyob hauv qee yam kev mob, kuj tseem muaj kev puas tsuaj biodegradable plastics uas pab txhawb kev puas tsuaj los ntawm cov khoom siv ntxiv, thiab cov polymers uas yog ib txwm plastics. Cov. Ntxiv cov duab tso tawm ntawm lub ntsej muag thiab lwm yam tshuaj ntxiv rau cov yas hloov hauv lub neej.
Nrog sawv ntawm lub ntiaj teb txav yas txav txav, qhov rov tshwm sim ntawm "biodegradable plastics" ntawm kev ua lag luam tau ua yuam kev rau "neeg cawm seej" los ntawm ntau tus neeg. Cov tib neeg zoo li lawv xis nyob thaum lawv muab cov yas pov tseg no vim tias lawv xav tias cov yas yuav ua rau nws nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig yuav tsis ua kev puas tsuaj. Tab sis nws yog tsim nyog sau cia tias degradable plastics kuj yuav tsum tau rov ua dua tshiab, muab pov tseg kom zoo nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev tshwj xeeb, thiab yuav tsum tsis txhob muab pov tseg ntawm cov nyiaj.
Ib qho ntawm cov laj thawj vim li cas cov teeb meem yas nyuaj los daws teeb meem yog tias tib neeg' s qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau cov khoom pauv thaum lub sijhawm tag nrho lub neej ntawm cov khoom yas." Lub sijhawm siv, qhov muaj zog, qhov kub tsis kam, thiab noo noo tsis kam ntawm cov yas yuav tsum ua tau raws li qee yam kev mob. Txawm tias degradable plastics yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab nyob rau hauv kev sib koom ua ke ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, av noo thiab kab mob me me tom qab tau muab pov tseg. Nws yuav ploj "ploj" hauv qhov chaw puag ncig, txwv tsis pub nws siv tsis tau nyob hauv chav tsev sov."
Biodegradable plastics tsis yog panacea. Xu Zhonghua tau hais tias thaum pib ntawm kev tsim kev lag luam ntawm Total' s PLA cog hauv Belgium, nws kuj tau ntsib ntau yam teeb meem hauv kev tshaj tawm khoom. Txawm hais tias tam sim no, tag nrho biodegradable plastics kev lag luam tseem ntsib cov kev cov nyom ntau. Piv txwv, tus nqi siab dua li ntawm cov plastics plooj, thiab qhov kev siv ntawm kev siv cov khoom siv roj av tau raug nqaim.
Tab sis qhov kev txwv nruj tshaj plaws yog tias nws tsis tuaj yeem nrog cov khoom noj rau kev siv." Txawm hais tias nws siv cov plastics yas los yog cov roj nplua nyeem, qhov kev sib tw loj tshaj plaws yog qhov twg cov khoom raw tuaj. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, peb tsis tuaj yeem sib tw nrog cov khoom noj khoom noj ib txwm muaj rau cov peev txheej av. Raws li qhov kev sau ua ntej no, peb yuav tsum nyob ze li qhov ua tau kom muab qee qhov ntsuas thiab nqi ntawm cov khoom siv raw. Thaib yog qhov kev xaiv zoo rau cov nqi qis, ntev lub sij hawm lav ntawm cov khoom siv raw." Tag Nrho' s PLA cog nyob hauv Thaib Teb tam sim no pib tshaj tawm cov khoom siv polylactic acid rau cov kev lag luam sib txawv, uas yog siv hauv cov ntim khoom noj, tsheb tsim sab hauv, thiab lwm yam. , xws li lub hnab ntim tshuaj yej thiab cov kas fes tshuaj ntsiav.
Tag nrho cov PLA cog hauv Belgium, cov duab los ntawm Tag nrho
Raws li cov laj thawj saum toj no, Xu Zhonghua ntseeg hais tias tseem muaj txheej txheem txhim kho rau kev siv loj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv pov tseg cov khoom lag luam bio-raws kev ua tsis zoo. Yog tias txhua daim pa roj ntsha muaj kev puas tsuaj uas tau tsim los siv hauv ntiaj teb niaj hnub no, nws yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau cov khoom noj.
GG quot; Nyob rau theem tam sim no, nws zoo dua rau cov teb tshwj xeeb ntsig txog khoom noj khoom haus thiab kev kho mob. Tej zaum yav tom ntej peb tuaj yeem tsim cov pa roj carbon dioxide uas ua cov pa roj carbon dioxide thiab thaum kawg ua rau lawv cov pa roj pov tseg. Tab sis ua ntej txuas ntxiv kev thev naus laus zis, peb yuav tsum tso siab kiag rau ntawm cov yas pua degradable, thiab Kuj muaj txoj kev nyob ntev."
Kev rov qab siv yas nyob hauv qab kev txwv tsis yog tsuas yog ib qho teeb meem rau cov tuam ntxhab
Tuam Tshoj yog lub ntiaj teb' s tus tsim khoom loj tshaj plaws thiab cov neeg siv khoom siv cov yas. Nyob rau xyoo 2019, Tuam Tshoj tsim tau 63 lab tons ntawm cov paib ntim khoom thiab rov ua dua 18,9 lab tons. Los ntawm" tus neeg khib nyiab txawv teb chaws" txwv rau qhov tso tawm tshiab ntawm" txwv tsis pub yas" ;, Tuam Tshoj' s yas kev ua qias tuaj tswj kev lag luam tau txuas ntxiv ua kom zoo hauv xyoo tas los.
Xyoo 2007, Tuam Tshoj tso tawm" yas txwv kev txiav txim" yog thawj zaug. Lub hauv paus tseem ceeb yog txwv tsis pub cov khoom lag luam, muag khoom, thiab siv cov khw muag-thom khwm ultra-nyias yas thoob plaws lub teb chaws txij li lub Rau Hli xyoo tom ntej, thiab kom siv cov txheej txheem them nyiaj rau lub hnab yas yuav khoom. Kev txwv txiav yas tau siv rau ntau tshaj kaum xyoo, thiab cov nyhuv ntawm nws siv yog qhov tsis sib haum xeeb. Tab sis nws tsis tuaj yeem lees paub tias nrog kev nce ceev ntawm e-lag luam, nthuav qhia kev xa khoom thiab nqa mus kev lag luam, pov tseg cov khoom ntim yas tau hloov mus ua tub rog loj, thiab kev noj haus tsis tau txo tab sis nce siab.
Hauv 2019, qhov nruab nrab ntawm 7.08 lab qhia tawm cov zaub mov xa tuaj ib teev raug xa mus rau tag nrho lub tebchaws. Raws li kev txheeb cais los ntawm kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig kev tiv thaiv, kev lag luam nthuav qhia hauv tsev tau siv ntau tshaj 39,8 billion meters kab xev xyoo 2018. Cov kab xev yas no tuaj yeem qhwv lub ntiaj teb ze li 1,000 npaug. Hauv xyoo 2015, tus lej tsuas yog 425 zaug xwb. 99% ntawm cov xa khoom pov tseg cov yas yuav muab xyaw rau hauv cov khib nyiab hauv tsev thiab tom qab ntawd hlawv lossis muab pov tseg.
Kev hloov kho dua tshiab ntawm" Yas Kev Txwv Qhov Muag Khoom" kev sib koom tes los ntawm National Development thiab Reform Commission thiab Ministry of Ecology thiab ib puag ncig thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo no tau tsim lub sijhawm kom meej meej, thiab cov cai tswjfwm rau kev txo yas thiab rov qab siv yuav tau siv thoob plaws hauv kev tsim khoom, ncig, siv, rov ua dua, thiab pov tseg cov khoom yas. Txhua qhov txuas.
GG quot; Yas yog phooj ywg ntawm noob neej, tsis yog yeeb ncuab. Nws muab ntau cov kev txhawb nqa thiab yooj yim rau kev tsim kho thiab kev nce qib ntawm tib neeg lub neej." Xu Zhonghua tau hais tias nyob rau hauv txoj cai txwv yas, kom ua tiav cov khoom yas rov qab, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog txhua tus neeg' s txoj kev koom tes. Kev kho cov kab mob plastics tsis yog tsuas yog kev lag luam ntawm cov tuam txhab thiab cov kws tshawb fawb, tab sis kuj yog kev lag luam ntawm cov neeg siv yas. Cov pej xeem' s kev faib cov thoob khib nyiab zoo heev tuaj yeem txo cov kev sib tw ntawm cov khoom siv hnab yas.
Nyob rau lub Ob Hlis 2019, Tag nrho tau txais Synova, uas yog lub tuam txhab Fabkis kev rov ua dua tshiab. Ua ke cov kws tshaj lij polymer nrog Synova' s rov ua dua tshiab cov kws tshaj lij kom ntxiv cov khoom siv ua dua tshiab polypropylene uas tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev siv tsheb. Synova tuaj yeem tsim tau 20,000 tons ntawm polypropylene txhua xyoo los ntawm cov yas siv dua tshiab.
Lwm qhov tseem ceeb tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv yas tsuas yog txuag dej hiav txwv. Txhua xyoo, ntau tshaj 8 lab tons ntawm yas pov tseg ntws mus rau hauv dej hiav txwv thoob ntiaj teb.
Cov yas khib nyiab pov tseg ncaj qha lossis tawm hauv av los ntawm dej ntws, cua thiab thaum kawg mus rau hauv dej hiav txwv.
Raws li Daim Ntawv Tshaj Tawm Ntawm Lub Xeev Tuam Tshoj Thaj Tsam Chaw Hiav Txwv hauv 2019 los ntawm Ministry of Ecology thiab Ib puag ncig, saib xyuas cov dej khib nyiab hauv 49 thaj tsam thoob plaws lub teb chaws thiab kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov roj ntsha microplastics ntawm 15 cov ntsiab lus nyob ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv Bohai thiab Sab Hnub Tuaj Suav Hiav Txwv tau nthuav tawm tias cov khib nyiab ya, Cov Khw Yas muaj 84,1% thiab 81.7% ntawm cov khib nyiab puam, raws; cov khib nyiab yas hauv cov seabed yog qhov loj tshaj plaws, xam txog 92.6%, feem ntau yog cov hlua nuv ntses, cov hlua yas, cov yas tawg thiab cov hnab yas.
Ntxiv rau, cov ntom ntab ntab ntawm cov nplais dej ntawm cov dej hiav txwv ntawm Hiav Txwv Bohai thiab Hiav Txwv Sab Hnub Tuaj Tebchaws Suav yog 0.82 pieces / m3 thiab 0.25 pieces / m3 feem. Lawv feem ntau yog cov xov, nqaij tawv thiab tawg tsam. Cov khoom tseem ceeb yog polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate thiab Polypropylene. Microplastics xa mus rau ntau qhov me me thiab cov qhov me me uas tsim los ntawm kev txiav cov yas khib nyiab hauv dej hiav txwv, thiab tseem suav cov yas microbeads ntxiv rau hauv cov khoom lag luam tshuaj niaj hnub.
Thoob ntiaj teb, raws li" Atlas ntawm Seas" luam tawm los ntawm German Heinrich Behr Foundation, tsuas yog 20% ntawm cov yas pov tseg hauv dej hiav txwv yog los ntawm hiav txwv (feem ntau yog nkoj), thiab qhov seem ntxiv 80% los ntawm thaj av. Cov nplais yas cov pawg loj dua li qee lub tebchaws tau tsim tsa hauv Pacific thiab Atlantic.
GG quot; Kev tswj hwm ntawm plastics marine yog qhov nyuaj thoob ntiaj teb. Rau cov tsiaj hiav txwv uas loj, cov txheej txheem niaj hnub no tseem khaws cia, tab sis cov txheej txheem khaws cia yuav tsim muaj cov pa phem tshiab. Cov pa phem uas ua rau pom tsis pom ntawm lub qhov muag liab qab yog qhov muaj ntau dua. Marine microplastics adsorb hnyav hlau lossis lwm cov ntaub ntawv organic. Tom qab muaj kuab paug, lawv yuav kis tau rau tib neeg lub cev raws kab noj zaub mov." Xu Zhonghua tau thov hais tias qhov kev sib tw marine microplastic zoo li cov kab mob tshiab nyob hauv lub siab. Nws xau nrog dej hiav txwv thiab tshwm sim nyob rau ib qho twg, tab sis kev tsim txom yuav tsis tsuas yog nyob hauv ib qho chaw xwb, tseem muaj kev kub ntxhov hauv ntiaj teb." Tubrog nkoj kev tswj hwm kev lag luam xav tau kev koom tes thoob ntiaj teb."
Raws li cov lus ceeb toom, Tag nrho yog ib qho ntawm cov neeg koom tes ntawm Yas Pov Tseg Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Sib Koom Tes, uas muaj ze li 30 tus tswv cuab kev lag luam npog tag nrho cov txuas ntawm cov yas saw nqi. Cov phooj ywg tau cog lus tias yuav nqis peev txog 1.5 txhiab lab daus las los tsim cov kev daws teeb meem uas tuaj yeem txo cov yas qias neeg nyob hauv ib puag ncig, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob hauv dej hiav txwv.
Peb muab patented puv biodegradable zaj duab xis thiab lub hnab PVA, tag nrho cov khoom yog tsim los ntawm cov cuab yeej siv casting, Nws txawv ntawm cov tshuab moulding khoom, tag nrho cov tshuab moulding khoom tsis puv biodegradable. Peb tuaj yeem tsim pva zaj duab xis thiab hnab hauv pob tshab thiab pob tshab xim. thiab PVA zaj duab xis yog du ntau dua li cov tsoos tshuab moulding khoom.
Peb kuj muab cov khoom siv organic puv ntim biodegradable zaj duab xis thiab hnab ntim nrog cov khoom muaj ntawv pov thawj muaj txheej txheem thiab cov txheej txheem.
Yog xav paub ntxiv PVA zaj duab xis thiab hnab khoom thov mus saib peb:
http://www.joyful-printing.net/pva-bag/
http://www.joyful-printing.com/pva-bag/