Biodegradable plastics uas "txaus siab", puas muaj txoj kev tawm mus yav tom ntej?
Kev lag luam plastics tau tsim muaj nrog kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam petrochemical. Nws muaj qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv yooj yim rho tawm, tus nqi qis, kev ua kom yooj yim, lub teeb nyhav thiab kav ntev. Nws yog dav siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam ntawm zej zog thiab coj zoo yooj yim rau tib neeg lub neej. Tib lub sijhawm, vim tias cov khoom lag luam yas uas tau muab pov tseg ntau nyuaj nyuaj rau kev tuaj yeem, uas ua qhov teeb meem "hnyav dua" dawb, kev npaj cov khoom lag luam tiv thaiv ib puag ncig los hloov cov pa roj hmab tau txais kev nthuav dav hauv xyoo tsis ntev los no.
Tam sim no, cov xwm txheej ntawm txoj kev txhim kho ntawm cov yas degradable zoo li cas, thiab lub zej zog coj tus cwj pwm zoo li cas rau kev cuam tshuam cov ib puag ncig ntawm degradable plastics? Xiaobian tau hais rau koj hnub no.
Yuav ua li cas hom ntawm degradable plastics muaj?
Deplable plastics feem ntau suav nrog biodegradable plastics, photodegradable plastics, lub teeb thiab biodegradable plastics, thiab dej-degradable plastics. Ntawm lawv, biodegradable plastics yog qhov kev tshawb fawb hauv qhov tob tshaj plaws thiab feem ntau siv. Daim duab hauv qab no qhia qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws kev faib tawm ntawm plooj av.
Polyhydroxyalkanoates yog cov sib txawv hauv cov txheej txheem aliphatic copolyesters sib txuas los ntawm cov kab mob me me los ntawm fermentation los ntawm ntau cov pa roj carbon ntau. Cov khoom siv feem ntau yog poly (3-hydroxyacetate) (PHB), polyhydroxyvalerate (PHV) thiab copolymer ntawm PHB thiab PHV (PHBV), uas yog siv hauv cov khoom siv biomedical, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom ntim. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Los ntawm copolymerization (PHBV), PHB tuaj yeem hloov kho tau vim nws qhov huv huv thiab brittleness, thiab nws cov khoom siv kho tshuab tau zoo tuaj, thiab cov kub tiv taus thiab dej tsis kam kuj tseem zoo. Vim tias tus nqi siab, nws yog feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj thiab lwm yam siab xav tau.
Polylactic acid (PLA) yog ib hom tshiab ntawm cov khoom siv biodegradable uas ua los ntawm cov khoom tsim cog dua tshiab xws li cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab los ntawm pob kws. Cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab hloov khoom yog fermented rau hauv cov kab mob lactic acid thiab hloov mus rau hauv polylactic acid los ntawm kev ua yeeb yaj kiab. Kev siv lub zog zoo, ua kom puas tsuaj los ntawm cov kab mob me me nyob rau hauv cov xwm tom qab siv, thiab thaum kawg tsim cov pa roj carbon monoxide CO2 thiab dej, tsis ua kom muaj kuab paug ib puag ncig, uas tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig thiab tau lees paub tias yog cov khoom siv hauv ib puag ncig.
Raws li aerobic thiab anaerobic tej yam kev mob, PCL tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm cov kab mob me me. PCL muaj hydrophobicity zoo dua, tab sis tus nqi hloov kho qeeb qeeb; tib lub sijhawm, nws cov txheej txheem sib txuas yog yooj yim thiab tus nqi qis. PCL muaj cov khoom ua zoo heev thiab tuaj yeem ua rau zaj duab xis thiab lwm yam khoom los ntawm cov khoom siv ua yas zoo tib yam. Tib lub sijhawm, PCL thiab ntau hom polymers muaj qhov sib xyaw tau zoo, xws li PE, PP, PVA, ABS, roj hmab, cellulose thiab hmoov txhuv nplej siab, thiab lwm yam, los ntawm kev sib xyaw, thiab copolymerization tuaj yeem tau txais cov ntaub ntawv nrog kev ua tau zoo. Hauv kev qhia tshwj xeeb, nws cov tshuaj sib txuas lossis copolymerization nrog cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab tsis tsuas yog tswj hwm nws cov biodegradability tab sis kuj txo cov nqi, thiab yog vim li no thiaj li nyiam mloog.
Polybutylene succinate (PBS) yog cov roj ntsha ua haujlwm polyester bio-poob ntim uas siv tau rau hauv ntim, cov tais, cov fwj tshuaj pleev ib ce thiab cov fwj tshuaj, cov khoom siv kho mob pov tseg, cov yeeb yaj kiab ua liaj ua teb, tshuaj tua kab thiab tshuaj chiv, thiab kev siv tshuaj lom neeg. Hauv daim teb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv polymer. PBS siv aliphatic succinic acid thiab butanediol ua cov khoom nyoos tseem ceeb. Nws tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov kev thov los ntawm cov khoom lag luam petrochemical, thiab tseem tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom noj los ntawm bio-fermentation los ntawm cov khoom ua dua tshiab hauv cov qoob loo xws li cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab, cellulose thiab piam thaj. Ntuj, txua rov rau qhov, ntsuab txua dua tshiab. Ntxiv mus, cov ntaub ntawv raw khoom ua los ntawm cov txheej txheem xyoob ntoo tuaj yeem txo tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv raw, yog li txo nqi PBS.
Tuam Tshoj lub biodegradable yas khoom yog cov ua tiav tshaj plaws
Thoob ntiaj teb, qhov kev thov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau biodegradable plastics los ntawm cov teb chaws Europe, feem ntau vim hais tias cov tebchaws nyob sab Europe muaj kev ntseeg tshaj txoj cai rau kev siv tag nrho cov biodegradable plastics. Tam sim no, muaj ntau lub tuam txhab tshaj tawm tau tshaj tawm tias lawv nqis peev ntawm cov tshuab biodegradable tag nrho, tab sis muaj tsawg tus tuam txhab uas tuaj yeem muab cov khoom lag luam ntau hauv ntau. Lub chaw tsim khoom loj yog BASF, uas muaj peev txheej 140,000 tons thiab yog siv rau hauv cov khoom tsim qib membrane. Cov haujlwm ua haujlwm hauv North America tau muaj txog 140,000 tons ntawm PLA. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm ntawd, lub peev xwm tshiab ntawm 150,000 tons hauv Thaib teb vam tias yuav muab tso rau hauv kev tsim tawm xyoo 2015. BASF, tab sis vim tias kev lag luam tseem nyob rau hauv cov kev lag luam monopoly, lub ntiaj teb ua lag luam yog luv luv, yog li tseem tsis muaj kev sib tw. siab rau lub sijhawm.
Tuam Tshoj yog tib lub tebchaws nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb uas tuaj yeem tsim txhua yam khoom lag luam yas biodegradable. Kev tshawb xyuas cov khoom ntawm txhua yam khoom kuj tseem nyob hauv ntej ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los, lub peev xwm nthuav tau nrawm heev. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, qhov kev sib koom ua ib xyoos ib zaug ntawm biodegradable plastics hauv Suav tau tshaj 21%. Raws li kev txheeb cais, Tuam Tshoj tus lag luam loj biodegradable plastics ntau lawm suav nrog Blonde Technology Co., Ltd., Wuhan Gorgeous Environmental Technology Co., Ltd., Anqing Hexing Chemical Co., Ltd., thiab Hangzhou Hangzhou Xinfu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau theem no, Tuam Tshoj lub biodegradable plastics ua lag luam tseem tsis tau qhib, thiab qhov kev thov yog me me. Kev tsim khoom nruab nrab ntawm cov roj av biodegradable siv rau kev xa tawm, thiab kev muag khoom lag luam hauv tsev tseem tsawg me me. Qhov kev ua tsis zoo uas tau ua lag luam txuas ntxiv ua kom muaj zog raws li kev txhawb nqa ntawm cov cai hauv tebchaws thiab cov ntawv thov nruam.
Cov kev cai hauv tebchaws thiab kev tshawb fawb ntawm plhom biodegradable plastics
Raws li tsab ntawv tshawb fawb tshaj tawm los ntawm Asmeskas cov tuam txhab pab tswv yim Frost & Sullivan, kev xav tau ntawm kev lag luam rau biodegradable plastics yuav loj hlob sai heev hauv ob peb xyoos tom ntej no. Nws kwv yees tias thaum xyoo 2020, lub ntiaj teb qhov kev thov rau biodegradable plastics yuav ncav cuag 3.22 lab tons, thiab qhov nruab nrab txhua xyoo qhov xav tau yuav muaj kev loj hlob tshaj 16%. Raws li Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Lag Luam European Bioplastics, tam sim no lub ntiaj teb kev muaj peev xwm bioplastics muaj kwv yees li ntawm 1% ntawm tag nrho txhua xyoo plastics ntau lawm muaj peev xwm (335 lab tons). Nws kwv yees tias los ntawm 2023, lub ntiaj teb bioplastics ntau lawm muaj peev xwm yuav nce los ntawm 2.11 lab tons hauv 2018 txog 2.62 lab tons. Ob lub European Union thiab Tebchaws Askiv tau nqis peev ua tej haujlwm bioplastic.
United States:
Freedonia Pab Pawg ntawm Tebchaws Meskas tau tshaj tawm tsab ntawv tshaj tawm hais tias qhov kev thov rau cov khoom siv roj av hloov pauv hauv Tebchaws Asmeskas yuav nce ntxiv ntawm tus nqi txhua xyoo ntawm 15% hauv ob peb xyoos tom ntej no. Ntau zuj zus, qhov nce ntawm cov roj av ntawm cov roj av tau nce ntxiv ntawm kev siv biodegradable plastics los ntawm cov khoom siv txuas ntxiv dua tshiab xws li cov nplej, uas muaj kev sib tw ntau dua li cov roj av-raws li cov roj av. Tsoomfwv Meskas tau hais tias Txoj Cai Tswjfwm Zog thiab ib puag ncig txoj cai tshiab tau suav nrog cov cai tswj kev ua lag luam lossis cov pa roj carbon monoxide, uas yuav ua rau tib neeg them nyiaj ntau dua rau ib puag ncig. Biodegradable plastics yuav nrov dua hom plastics.
Nyiv:
Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, tsoomfwv Nyij Pooj tau txhawb cov av plastics. Plastics nrog xws li qhov sib txawv ntawm cov tsos thiab zoo tib yam plastics, uas yog ib puag ncig zoo, yuav tsum ua ib qho ntawm txoj hauv kev daws teeb meem dawb paug. Tsoomfwv Nyij Pooj tau qhia txog Cov Txheej Txheem Qhia Txheej Txheem Biotechnology thiab Biomass Nyij Tshaj Tawm Txheej Txheem kom txhawb nqa kev siv cov khoom siv txuas ntxiv xws li bioplastics. Nws tau hais tias nthuav kev siv cov xyoob ntoo ntawv yog qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb.
Teb chaws Europe:
Kev tswj hwm txoj cai nyob hauv Western Europe yog qhov kev tsav tsheb tseem ceeb ntawm kev txhim kho biodegradable plastics nyob hauv thaj av, suav nrog kev rov ua dua tshiab thiab rov ua dua ntim ntawm cov ntim khoom pov tseg, txwv tsis pub ntim cov hnab yas, thiab lwm cov kev cai lij choj txog kev pov tseg pov tseg, txhawb kev zam kev pov tseg ntawm cov khoom pov tseg. khib nyiab. Nyob rau sab hnub poob Europe, khib nyiab cov nqi siab dua lwm thaj chaw ntawm Tebchaws Europe thiab North America vim tias cov nqi saum toj av thiab cov nqi se ntau. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov chaw lim dej hauv Western Tebchaws Europe tau tsim kho thiab kev paub txog ntawm ib puag ncig ntawm ib puag ncig muaj siab, uas txhawb nqa biodegradability. Kev tsim cov plastics hauv Western European kev ua lag luam.
Biodegradable plastics tseem muaj qhov xwm txheej ntawm "zoo siab" hauv Suav teb. Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb yog tias cov khoom lag luam yas thim hloov tau ntau dua li cov khoom siv roj av ua kom ib txwm muaj. Lawv yog cov pob taws Achilles ntawm kev koom nrog hauv kev sib tw ua lag luam, thiab lawv yuav zam yuav txoj kev ua lag luam. Nyuaj. Txawm hais tias lub teb chaws twb tau tshaj tawm "Kev Tsim Kho Kev Lag Luam (Bio-industry Development Plan)", nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ntxiv dag zog rau kev yuam kom tsav tsheb raws li txoj cai hauv tebchaws. Pom tseeb, hauv qhov xwm txheej tam sim no ntawm kev txuag hluav taws xob thiab kev txo tawm emission, kev txhim kho ntawm biodegradable plastics muaj qhov tseem ceeb lub tswv yim tseem ceeb. Txawm hais tias tseem muaj ntau yam teeb meem hauv kev siv biodegradable plastics, qhov kev loj hlob loj muaj peev xwm ua rau nws yog ib qho kev tsis paub daws teeb meem kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig thiab kev tiv thaiv kev tsis sib haum xeeb thiab ua tiav kev txhim kho hauv kev sib raug zoo.
peb muab patented puv biodegradable zaj duab xis thiab lub hnab PVA, tag nrho cov khoom yog tsim los ntawm cov cuab yeej siv casting, Nws txawv ntawm cov tshuab moulding khoom, tag nrho cov tshuab moulding khoom tsis puv biodegradable. Peb tuaj yeem tsim pva zaj duab xis thiab hnab hauv pob tshab thiab pob tshab xim. thiab PVA zaj duab xis yog du ntau dua li cov tsoos tshuab moulding khoom.
Peb kuj muab cov khoom siv organic puv ntim biodegradable zaj duab xis thiab lub hnab nrog cov khoom muaj ntawv pov thawj muaj txheej txheem thiab cov txheej txheem.
Xav paub ntau ntxiv PVA zaj duab xis thiab hnab khoom thov mus saib peb:
http://www.joyful-printing.net/pva-bag/
http://www.joyful-printing.com/pva-bag/