Daim Ntawv Thov Kev Tshawb Fawb ntawm Multispectral Daim Cim Xim Tshuab
Peb yog ib lub lag luam loj hauv Shenzhen Tuam Tshoj. Peb muaj cov phau ntawv luam tawm, phau ntawv nyuaj, phau ntawv luam ntawv, phau ntawv nyuaj, phau ntawv luam tawm, phau ntawv luam tawm, phau ntawv luam tawm, lub thawv ntim, daim qhia ntawv, txhua yam ntawm PVC, cov ntawv luam tawm, ntawv sau cia, hom tshwj xeeb ntawv xim luam tawm khoom, kev ua si cardand li ntawd.
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Muaj ntau ntau theories rau qhov kev luj xyuas ntawm kev luam tawm xim. Ntawm lawv, lub npe nrov British xim tshwj xeeb Hunter faib cov xim kev ua haujlwm rau cov hom sib txawv los ntawm kev sib txawv ntawm ntau yam: cov xim tha xim, chroma colour reproduction, yog xim thaij duab, sib npaug xim tu, sib txig xim, thiab zoo li cov xim xim.
Cov tsos kob luam kev ua tiav tau zoo los ntawm ob qho tib si chromatic xim thiab cov xim kom yog. Txawm li cas los, vim nws cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb raws li metamerism, tsis tu ncua luam ntawm xim, uas yog, xim liab tsom, tsis tuaj yeem pom. Kev luam ntau lub suab paj nruag siv ntau hom xim duab coj los ua kom muaj xim zoo nkauj los ntawm qhov kev ywj pheej ntawm cov menyuam xim. Txoj kev thaij sib txig ntawm txoj kab txaig spectral tshem tawm tau tshem tawm qhov teeb meem ntawm metamerism, uas yog ua kom tsis muaj kev sib thooj ntawm cov xim. Cov cuab yeej siv no yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim cov tshuab fais fab loj, thiab yuav muaj lub hauv paus ntawm kev lag luam luam tawm yav tom ntej.
Ua ntej, qhov kev tsis raws cai ntawm cov xim plaub-xim
Cov tsos ntawv luam tawm siv CMYK plaub lub ntsiab xim kom ncav xim tu tub tu kiv. Vim nws cov kev txwv, plaub-xim inks tsis tau them tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv spectral ntawm cov xim thawj. Qhov tseeb, cov xim plaub-xim yog ua raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm metamerism kom ncav xim tu tub tu kiv. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm metamerism txhais tau hais tias nyob rau hauv tsab luam ntawv, yog ntev raws li cov xim muaj xim zoo tib yam li tib neeg lub qhov muag ntawm cov xim thawj, txawm tias qhov sib xyaw spectral ntawm ob qhov sib txawv, nws tuaj yeem lees paub tias yog xim kom muaj tseeb. Hom no zoo heev kom tsis muaj teeb meem ntawm kev luam xim, thiab feem ntau tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov tseeb ntawm cov xim, yog li ua raws li cov qauv kev luam ntawv. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum lub teeb meem pom kev zoo thiab tus neeg soj ntsuam pom zoo, cov nyhuv luam tawm nyhav ua rau muaj kev sib txawv loj. Qhov teeb meem no tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv kev lag luam luam ntawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov xim uas muaj peev xwm muab tsim tawm los ntawm plaub-xim luam tawm tsuas yog ib nrab ntawm cov xim spectrum ntawm lub spectrum pom, thiab cov duab reproduction nrog kaj xim thiab dynamic range yog feem ntau unsatisfactory. Nyob rau tam sim no lub xeev ntawm cov kos duab, txawm tias cov neeg ua qhov kev tswj xim thiab gamut txuam lub sij hawm luam, qhov teeb meem ntawm metamerism thiab gamut me me tsis tuaj yeem yog cov teeb meem tsis sib haum.
Cov pa luam ntawv siv rau kev sib txuam ntawm qhov tseem ceeb nrog rau cov xim tawm xim. Txawm li cas los xij, hom kev sib piv no tseem ceeb heev rau kev sib tham txog kev siv tus lej thiab tsis pom qhov teeb meem ntawm kev sib txawv ntawm cov xim chromaticity thiab ci ntsa iab. Qhov tseeb, vim yog cov kev txwv ntawm cov xim gamut ntawm plaub-xim luam ntawv, nws nyhav rau hauv qhov teeb meem no thaum tswj cov khoom xim thiab tsis tshooj khoom nruab nrab. Yog hais tias koj xav kom muaj ntau npaum li cas ntawm cov khoom muaj xim tuaj yeem ua kom sov, nws yog kev tsis pom nriav. Qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov ntoo tshauv yog nce kom txo tau qhov ci. Hauv lwm lo lus, plaub-xim luam tawm nyhav dhau los hais txog kev luam ntawm kev nplua siab, thiab ib txoj kev los ntawm kev pub kev ci ntsa iab tau ua haujlwm.
Vim hais tias cov lus hais los saum toj no hais txog cov qauv luam, cov nyhuv luam tawm feem ntau yog tsis txaus siab, mas vim tias cov duab yog hnyav hauv cov xim, cov nyhuv stereoscopic tsis zoo, cov txheej poob yog loj dua, thiab muaj ntau yam xim txawv xim.
Thib ob, qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm ntau qhov xim thaij duab tshuab luam yeeb
Kev luam ntau xim spectral tshuab enables xim ntxuam los ntawm kev tsim, kev txheeb xyuas, thiab kev ua cov ntaub ntawv siv ntau qhov kev sib txuam. Cov txheej txheem no siv cov khoom sib txig sib luag raws li cov qauv kev tsim xim, thiab ua tiav ib qho kev loj hlob ntawm cov xim ntawm cov tub ntxhais ntawm lub zeem muag ntawm kev ua kom muaj kev ywj siab ntawm cov khoom siv xim. Vim lub uniqueness ntawm spectral reflection nkhaus, cov kev ntxuam ntxuam yuav ruaj khov kho tsis hais txog kev hloov ntawm lub teeb thiab qhov kev soj ntsuam. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev kuaj ntawm ntau ntau pawg ntawm kev sib txawv spectral tau sau cov xim yam ntxwv kom ntau li ntau tau, kom daws tau qhov teeb meem ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tsis tshua muaj nyob rau hauv cov txwm txwm.
Hauv kev tshav puam ntawm cov xim, cov qauv ntawm kev luam xim ntawm cov khoom siv xws li cov duab, cov luam ntawv, thiab cov luam yeeb yog txawv ntawm qhov muag ntawm tib neeg qhov muag. Vim nws tus kheej cov kev txwv, cov plaub txwm xim luam ntawv tsis tuaj yeem daws qhov teeb meem ntawm cov xim deviation fundamentally txawm nrog kev pab los ntawm cov tswj kev tswj xim. Kev siv ntau lub tshuab spectral multi-tsog txhim kho txoj kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshaaj los ntawm kev nce tus naj npawb ntawm kev zauv raws, ua tau zoo zuj zus xim tu tub tu kiv. Hauv txoj kev pom ntawm qhov kev ua tau zoo saum toj no, qhov kev siv tshuab no tau muab siv rau kev lag luam thiab kev txuag cov nuj nqis thiab kev lag luam online. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov cuab yeej siv kuj tau muab lub hauv paus ruaj khov rau yav tom ntej high-fidelity luam tawm thiab luam tawm tsab xov xwm.
Qhov thib peb, cov txheej txheem siv technology ntau dua
Cov xim ntau hom paj nruag ntau hom xim piav qhia cov ntaub ntawv xim nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv spectral los ntawm kev piav txog cov kev qhia ntawm spectral los yog kev xa tawm ntawm cov xim. Cov txheej txheem kev khiav dej num (Daim Duab 1) muab faib ua cov kauj ruam nram qab no:
1. Cov ntaub ntawv tshaaj tawm
Cov ntaub ntawv ntau duab spectral ntawm ib qho tseem ceeb los yog ib qho khoom yog kis tau siv ib lub koob yees duab multi-spectral nrog ib lub xim muaj xim. Feem ntau, qhov kev lag luam muaj xws li ntau lub teeb pom kev ntau, xim lim, thiab cov koob yees duab multispectral. Piv nrog rau cov xim peb-xim raws li cov duab tau txais, qhov system no muaj qhov zoo li hauv qab no:
Lub teeb ci tau muaj kev pib luv luv, ntau qhov chaw spectrum thiab high radiation efficiency; xim lim tau muaj zog kis thiab tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm keeb kwm yav dhau; nws muaj peev xwm sau tau cov ntaub ntawv daws teeb meem, ntau hom kev pab txhawb, thiab kev sib piv siab.
Tom qab nrhiav tau cov ntaub ntawv spectral, nws xav tau kev soj ntsuam kom ua tiav kev kho dua spectral. Cov duab matrix sawv cev ntawm tus qauv lej rau cov ntaub ntawv xov xwm ntau dhau los yog tam sim no tau piav qhia raws li nram no:
Cia lub zog ntawm lub zog ntawm spectral multi spectral rau spectral S,
Lub spectral emissivity ntawm tus kwv yog r, r = [r1, r2, ... rn] T, qhov twg n nruab pes tsawg tus sampling wavelengths thiab T nruab nrab yog kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov kev ua tiav. Hauv ib lub koob yees duab multispectral, cov yeeb yaj duab kis tau yooj yim ntawm cov xim m cov xim tuaj yeem sawv cev tau los ntawm Matrix F.
Lub spectral rhiab heev ntawm lub ntes yog sawv cev los ntawm Matrix D.
Muab cov zauv saum toj saud, qhov xim formula yuav muaj xim, thiab cov xim xim ntawm cov xim tis yog t = (DF) TSr. Tom qab, qhov tristimulus tus nqi XYZ ntawm cov xim thiab CIELAB tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm cov kev hloov tawm ncaj thiab nonlinear. Xim qhov tseem ceeb xws li kev khiav haujlwm.
Ntxiv nrog rau cov kev hais saum toj no, tus thawj xibfwb hauv kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas (PCA) kuj siv tau los xaiv cov xim ua kom pom tseeb thiab tsim kev txav ntawm kev ua kom zoo dua. Hom no feem ntau siv rau kev sib nraus sib hloov ntawm qhov kev sib dhos thiab kev sib thooj ntawm kev thev naus laus zis, thiab feem ntau yog siv los tsim cov cuab yeej cuab tam cov cuab yeej rau cov khoom scanners.
2. Kev twv ua ntej ntawm cov ntaub ntawv xim thiab cov cim zoo tshaj cov xim xaiv
Tom qab cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb tau ntau qhov tiav, nws xav tau los soj ntsuam. Los ntawm txoj kev twv ntawm cov khoom faib ntawm cov xim sib txawv ntawm cov xim, cov cim kev xaiv xim xim rau kev xaiv xim yog txiav txim siab, thiab cov nyhuv ntawm cov kabmob metamerism ntawm kev sib txawv xim yog tshem tawm ntawm qhov kawg. Yuav kom ua tiav qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov xim thiab cov xim thawj xim, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej tias cov kob luam kab xim ntawm cov qauv ntawm daim qauv zoo tshaj plaws yog muab cov khoom faib tawm ntawm cov xim qub. Hauv kev xyaum, cov ntaub ntawv spectral feem ntau yog ntsuas los ntawm tus thawj xibfwb tivthaiv kev ntsuas, thiab tom qab ntawd ces qhov kev xaiv kom pom tau ntau tshaj yog qhov kev pom zoo los ntawm kev sib hloov ua haujlwm. Thaum kawg, qhov zoo tshaj plaws number case xim xaiv tswvyim yog thaum txiav txim siab ntawm qhov sib tw nrog qhov sib txuam nrog kev sib piv ntawm cov kabmob ua ke hauv cov ntaub ntawv.
3. Tsim cov number case dhau los ua qauv thiab kev twv qhov muag
Muaj ntau ntau theories txog kev tsim ntawm halftone cov qauv hauv kev luam xim. Feem ntau, Kubelka-Munk ziag yog siv los laij cov xim thawj coj ntawm Niel-Nielsen qauv Niebel qauv. Cov Niel-Nielsen revised Nygger tus qauv (hu ua YNSN qauv) yog cov qauv siv ntau tshaj plaws, uas qhia meej txog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm daim ntawv luam ntawm ib nrab ntawm cov xim luam tawm thiab qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm txhua lub wavelength. Noj rau hauv tus account nthuav dav cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov muag, cov mis yog:
λ = 1 ... 8 (4)
Qhov twg Rprint, λ nruab nrab yog cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov xim uas tau muab luam tawm, thiab n yog Jur Nielsen. Rp, λ yog qhov kev xav ntawm qhov p-thawj xim ntawm qhov muag, thiab αp yog qhov chaw piv ntawm cov thawj xim.
4. Kev sib cais xim thiab luam tawm raws li cov ntaub ntawv qhia
Cov xim kev sib cais raws li cov ntaub ntawv qhia ntau spectral yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov xim multi-spectral xim luam technology, thiab feem ntau yog siv los ntawm hom transformation ntawm YNSN qauv. Thaum siv lub YNSN kab zauv los txiav txim siab txog tus nqi ntawm cov ink number dot spectral, kev tsim nyog nonlinear optimization iterative yuav tsum raug siv los txiav txim seb qhov sib cais xim ntawm txhua tus cwj mem thawj. Cov xim look-up cov xim ntawm no cov xim cais sib cais siv raws li tib tus qauv li plaub xim. Qhov txawv yog tias qhov hue interval ntawm qhov chaw xim yuav tsum tau muab faib ua kom faib kom tus number case xim txuam cov xim muaj peev xwm tswj tau qhov teeb meem me ntsis ntawm metamerism thiab txhim kho txuam. Precision. Cov txheej txheem no feem ntau yog siv rau kev siab ceev luam vim cov kev sib txawv ntawm cov xim sib txawv tuaj yeem ua tus kwv yees txog qhov tseem ceeb.
Tom qab cov xim sib txawv tiav lawm, ntau cov xim luam tawm tuaj yeem ua tau siv ntau lub tshuab luam ntawv los yog tshuab luam ntawv. Piv rau cov txheej txheem luam ntawv, ntau qhov kev siv tshuab thev naus laus zis muaj cov xim loj dua thiab rov tuaj yeem ua ntau yam xim. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntawv luam tawm qhov tseeb yog qhov tseeb, thiab qhov kev hloov qhov muag pom tau zoo dua qub rau qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws.
Qeb plaub, kev tshawb fawb ntawm ntau qhov xim thaij duab thiab lwm cov tsev kawm
1. Tshawb nrhiav cov ntsiab lus ntawm ntau qhov kev siv tshuab thev naus laus zis
Raws li cov theem sib txawv ntawm cov xim ua haujlwm, ntau cov paj nruag feem ntau xim yuav tsum tau muab faib ua 3 nqe lus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshaaj, cov ntaub ntawv ua tiav thiab cov xim tawm, thiab txhua cov kev coj yuav raug muab faib ua ntau hom kev qhia:
Cov ntaub ntawv tshaaj: cov cuab yeej ntaus cim, xim lim tsim, cov koob yees duab spectral spectral, thiab cov ntaub ntawv txiav.
Cov ntaub ntawv ua: xim hloov chaw, xim gamut txuam, encoding thiab seev suab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv spectral.
Cov ntaub ntawv tso tawm: qhov kev tsim ntawm cov lus sib piv, kev kawm txog kev sib cais xim algorithm, xaiv ntawm number case xim, thiab ntxiv rau.
2. Cov tsev kawm sib txawv
Tam sim no, ntau lub koom haum thoob ntiaj teb, lub chaw soj ntsuam kuaj thiab kev tshawb nrhiav hauv lub ntiaj teb tab tom ua hauj lwm rau ntau qhov muag xim tshuab luam yeeb. Cov npe nrov dua yog Munsell Color Science Laboratory ntawm Rochester Institute of Technology, University of North Carolina, University of Leeds, thiab University of Chiba, Nyiv. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub koom haum ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab Technology, YOG & T, International Society ntawm Optical Engineering, SPIE, thiab lub koom haum International International ntawm hluav taws xob thiab Electronics Engineers, IEEE, kuj tau zoo heev rau txoj kev tshawb fawb no.
Nyob rau hauv Suav teb, cov tebchaws xws li Wuhan University, Beijing Institute of Technology thiab Jiangnan University tau tshawb nrhiav txog kev qhia no.
3. Cov teeb meem nyob rau theem tam sim no ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav
Txawm hais tias qhov zoo ntawm multispectral xim luam technology nyob rau hauv kev sib txuam spectral yog unquestionable, piv nrog kev paub cai siv tshuab luam ntawv, kev ua kom zoo thiab nrov ntawm kev siv tshuab no tseem yuav tsum tau sib koom tes ntawm kev lag luam luam thiab cov neeg tshawb nrhiav. Nyob rau theem no, cov nqi siab thiab kev lag luam ntawm cov tshuab no tau ua rau neeg feem coob poob siab. Ntxiv rau, qhov tseeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv zauv thiab ua yog qhov siab heev. Raws li cov kev tshawb fawb los ntawm lub koom haum ntawm Multimedia Information Technology ntawm lub National National Research Institute, cov nyhuv ntawm ntau cov paj tsom spectral yog tau thaum cov ntaub ntawv spectral tsis tuaj yeem ua raws li cov lus tseeb. Tsis txaus siab heev. Uas yog hais tias, txawm hais tias qhov xaus tias qhov kev sib txig sib luag yog qhov sib txawv tshaj plaws xim txuam yog tsis txaus ntseeg, qhov nce hauv spectral txuam tsis ncaj qha ntsig txog qhov sib txawv ntawm chromatic aberration thiab tib neeg pom qhov sib txawv. Nws tuaj yeem pom tau tias txawm tias nws txoj haujlwm zoo nyob hauv txojcai, nws txoj haujlwm yuav ua rau nws nyuaj heev.
V. Xaus
Tsoos plaub-xim luam ntawv muaj qhov txaij ntawm cov metamerism no, thiab nws txoj kev sib txawv xim tsuas yog tswj tau nyob rau qee qhov kev mob. Rau qhov kawg no, ntau thiab ntau tus neeg yog tsom ntsoov rau ntau cov xim thaij duab sib xws uas ua rau xim liab tsis tu ncua. Txawm hais tias cov cuab yeej tseem nyob rau hauv nws cov me nyuam mos, qhov zoo ntawm cov xim yog qhov tseeb yuav ua rau nws muaj lub ntsiab lus kub yav tom ntej, thiab muab lub hauv paus ruaj ntseg rau kev paub txog kev ua kom siab-fidelity.